Kriging (or Gaussian process regression) becomes a popular machine learning method for its flexibility and closed-form prediction expressions. However, one of the key challenges in applying kriging to engineering systems is that available measurement data are scarce due limitations or high sensing costs. On other hand, physical knowledge system often represented form partial differential equati...

The author summarizes emerging standards for informed consent as the underpinning of ethical research in humans.

Bioethicists have failed to understand the pervasively paternalistic character of research ethics. Not only is the overall structure of research review and regulation paternalistic in some sense; even the way informed consent is sought may imply paternalism. Paternalism has limits, however. Getting clear on the paternalism of research ethics may mean some kinds of prohibited research should be ...

The objective of this paper is to adopt a general equilibrium model and determine the socially e¢ cient discount factor, risk free rate and discount rate when there are heterogeneous anticipations about the growth of the economy as well as heterogeneous time preference rates. Among others we tackle the following questions. Is the socially e¢ cient discount factor an arithmetic average of the in...

abstract in this study the relationship among perfectionism, defense styles and depression symptoms was studied. participants were 426 undergraduate students from the university of guilan (264 females, 162 males), who were selected through randomized clustering multistage method. all participants were asked to complete the multidimensional perfectionism scale (hewitt & flett, 1991), the defense...

Socially imposed monogamy in humans is an evolutionary puzzle because it requires costly punishment by those who impose the norm. Moreover, most societies were--and are--polygynous; yet many larger human societies transitioned from polygyny to socially imposed monogamy beginning with the advent of agriculture and larger residential groups. We use a simulation model to explore how interactions b...