Numerous government and non-government programs and approaches have been used to promote rural development and poverty alleviation. Among these have been initiatives designed to build rural infrastructure, mobilize communities, enhance access to rural finance, and provide a social safety net. This chapter provides an overview of the major programs in Pakistan and underscores the importance of s...

Steven Barnett and Clive Belfield examine the effects of preschool education on social mobility in the United States. They note that under current policy three- and four-year-old children from economically and educationally disadvantaged families have higher preschool attendance rates than other children. But current programs fail to enroll even half of poor three- and four-year-olds. Hispanics...

This is the latest in a series of reports of the same title that have been published intermittently since the early 1960’s. The term social security is popularly used in the United States to refer to the basic national social insurance program-old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance. The term is used here in a broader sense to describe all types of social insurance, social assistan...

aim and background: biological, psychological and social phenomenon of substance abuse in adolescents is one of the most critical issues facing modern societies. one of the major concerns of the health and social policy makers is the increasing prevalence of addictive behaviors, particularly tobacco smoking in this age group. prevalence and trends toward high-risk behaviors among adolescents in...

Research on the outcomes of Montessori education is scarce and results are inconsistent. One possible reason for the inconsistency is variations in Montessori implementation fidelity. To test whether outcomes vary according to implementation fidelity, we examined preschool children enrolled in high fidelity classic Montessori programs, lower fidelity Montessori programs that supplemented the pr...

CONTEXT Social networking Web sites such as Facebook have grown rapidly in popularity. It is unknown how such sites affect the ways in which medical trainees investigate and interact with graduate medical education (GME) programs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of social networking Web sites as a means for osteopathic medical students, interns, residents, and fellows to interact with GME progr...

Social insurance is a subject I have been studying for nearly 40 years. The intellectual and policy revolution in social insurance that is occurring around the world is among the most significant and positive developments of current economics. Social insurance programs have become the most important, the most expensive, and often the most controversial aspect of government domestic policy, not ...

deafness is a common neural-sensory impairment which leads to lower life quality, withdrawal, social activities reduction, and rejection feeling. so, it is important to plan suitable training programs for mental health promotion of deaf children. emotional intelligence training is one of these programs. the present study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotional intelligence trainin...