Leg venous hemodynamics [venous distensibility index (VDI), arterial flow index (AFI), half-emptying time (T1/2)], and leg volumes (LV) were assessed by mercury strain-gauge plethysmography with venous occlusion and volometry, respectively, in seven men before, during, and after 42 days of 6 degrees head-down bed rest. Results showed a high increase in VDI up to day 26 of bed rest (+50% vs. con...

Background Dehydration refers to an imbalance in fluid dynamics when fluid intake doesn’t replenish water losses. Limiting dehydration during training and competition is a major concern for soccer players. A moderate exercise workout generally produces a 0.5to1.5 litre sweat loss over a 1 hour period, depending on training status and individual features. Changes in body weight (before/after mat...

‎Let $(Sigma_P,sigma_P)$ be the space of a spacing shifts where $Psubset mathbb{N}_0=mathbb{N}cup{0}$ and $Sigma_P={sin{0,1}^{mathbb{N}_0}: ‎s_i=s_j=1 mbox{ if } |i-j|in P cup{0}}$ and $sigma_P$ the shift map‎. ‎We will show that $Sigma_P$ is mixing if and only if it has almost specification property with at least two periodic points‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎we show that if $h(sigma_P)=0$‎, ‎then $Sigma_...

Background and Objectives: In this paper, a real life nurse scheduling model is described based on the conditions in Iranian hospitals such as monthly shift rotation, consecutive morning and evening shifts and consecutive evening and night shift.   Methods: The developed model considers both hospital constraints and nurses’ preferences. Hospital constraints include assigning adequate qualifie...

Magic angle spinning solid-state NMR is a unique technique to study atomic-resolution structure of biomacromolecules which resist crystallization or are too large to study by solution NMR techniques. However, difficulties in obtaining sufficient number of long-range distance restraints using dipolar coupling based spectra hamper the process of structure determination of proteins in solid-state ...

More than 30 years ago, Guyton1 described pressurenatriuresis: increasing arterial blood pressure promotes sodium excretion, decreasing blood volume and lowering blood pressure, whereas when blood pressure falls, sodium excretion decreases, and blood volume and blood pressure increase.1,2 The linchpin of the model of Guyton et al3 is the concept of feedback gain. Gain is the degree to which a f...