OBJECTIVES To determine the extent of all forms of tobacco usage in adult Bangladeshis in relation to gender and locality. METHODS Three annual urban and rural cross-sectional surveys were carried out between 2001 and 2003 involving a total of 35,446 adults, of whom 54.3% were female and 51.0% were rural dwellers. Data were collected through interview using a structured questionnaire. RESUL...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of health warning characteristics in smokeless tobacco magazine print ads on warning recall, and the implications for current US Federal regulations. DESIGN Subjects examined two distracter ads and one of nine randomly assigned smokeless tobacco ads varying in health warning presence, size (8 to 18 point font), and contrast (low versus high)-including no hea...

BACKGROUND In the 1990s, youth use of alternative tobacco products including cigars, bidis, and kreteks increased. This article discusses the prevalence of youth use of cigars, bidis, and kreteks, and characteristics of users. METHODS The Cigar Use Reasons Evaluation (CURE)-a questionnaire assessing alternative tobacco use and associated attitudes and behaviors-was administered to middle and ...

BACKGROUND In 2009, after many delays and changes, India introduced a single pictorial health warning label (HWL) on smokeless tobacco (SLT) packing-a symbolic image of a scorpion covering 40% of the front surface. In 2011, the scorpion was replaced with 4 graphic images. This paper tested the effectiveness of SLT HWLs in India and whether the 2011 change from symbolic to graphic images increas...

This study is an assessment of the influence of parent's tobacco use on prospective tobacco use trajectories among young offspring. The study is based on unit level data from District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-2013) comprising 27,706 youths in 15-24 years' age group from northeastern states of India and used multilevel regression to identify the potential risk factors of tobac...

BACKGROUND A very little information about tobacco use among school personnel is available. This is a step to have cross country and within country data using standardized methodology. AIMS To obtain baseline information about tobacco use prevalence, knowledge and attitude among school personnel. STUDY DESIGN Two stage cluster sample. SETTING A state of Rajasthan. MATERIALS AND MATERIALS ...

BACKGROUND In Western countries, tobacco use is most prevalent among adolescents in lower socioeconomic groups. The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and tobacco use among adolescents in developing countries is unexplored. Using multiple SES measures, we investigated this association among adolescents in Ghana. METHOD A school-based survey of a representative sample of 13-18-year...

BACKGROUND A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of tobacco related practices on oral health of tribes in Central India. The use of smokeless tobacco, gutkha & associated products is on the rise amongst the younger generation making oral precancer & cancer a public health concern. METHODOLOGY A pioneering study was conducted to evaluate the tobacco related practices amongst tribes and...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the relative proportion of hardcore smokers (HCS) in Norway for the years 1996-2009. METHODS Data were derived from Statistics Norway's annually cross-sectional representative samples of the adult population. The total sample size of smokers each year was between 250 and 500. The outcome measure was HCS, defined by their intenti...