This paper analyzes the impact of environmental policy instruments on the choice of pollution control techniques. I ̄rst recast the existing theoretical model of pollution abatement technology choice. Previous studies have found that the cost savings to a ̄rm that adopts a technical innovation in pollution control are greater under a market-based instrument, such as an emissions tax or tradeabl...

Assessments of the benefits of climate change mitigation—and thus of the appropriate stringency of greenhouse gas emissions abatement—depend upon ethical, legal, and political economic considerations. Global climate change mitigation is often represented as a repeated prisoners’ dilemma in which the net benefits of sustained global cooperation exceed the net benefits of uncooperative unilateral...

conclusions the research revealed that nonsmokers showed better mental health and dyadic adjustment than smokers, thus suggesting that smoking endangers and can impair the tranquility of families and that smoking also threatens the dyadic adjustment of couples. background the mental health and dyadic adjustment of smokers is a matter of serious concern which brings many demerits on mental healt...

cigarette smoke is injurious to both oral cavity and internal body environment. saliva is the firstbody fluid to encounter the dangerous smoke. the aim of our present study was, therefore, toevaluate the influence of smoking on the antioxidant activity of saliva of healthy smokers.antioxidant capacity of saliva was determined using different methods in the centrifuged saliva from25 male smokers...

BACKGROUND This paper describes a conceptual framework for solutions-focused management of chemical contaminants built on novel and systematic approaches for identifying, quantifying and reducing risks of these substances. METHODS The conceptual framework was developed in interaction with stakeholders representing relevant authorities and organisations responsible for managing environmental q...

Geosequestration is currently promoted by some in industry and government as the only realistic option to achieve major reductions in the Australian electricity sector’s greenhouse gas emissions. However its technical feasibility, cost effectiveness, theoretical abatement potential and possible environmental risks are not yet known. While there is clearly value in supporting development of this...

BACKGROUND The current literature reports increased infectious disease occurrence in various construction occupations, as an important contributor to morbidity and mortality arising from employment.These observations should be expanded to asbestos abatement workers, as the abatement can create an environment favorable for bacterial, viral and fungal infections. DISCUSSION Asbestos abatement w...

Macro economic studies of the costs of reducing CO2 emissions generally estimate the global cost of stabilising the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 in the range 350–550 ppm in trillions of USD. This creates the impression that the cost of CO2 reductions is so large that it threatens economic development. But, presented in another way, a completely different picture emerges. There is widesprea...