The structure of lipophorin in insect blood (hemolymph) was investigated by a small-angle x-ray scattering method over the temperature range 0-45 degrees C. The small-angle x-ray scattering profile of lipophorin exhibited a symmetrical sphere with heterogeneous internal electron density. Cockroach and locust lipophorins, which contain hydrocarbons, demonstrated centrosymmetrical distribution of...

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiences a renaissance in the studies of macromolecular solutions allowing one to study the structure of native particles and to rapidly analyze structural changes in response to variations in external conditions [1]. Novel data analysis methods significantly enhanced resolution and reliability of structural models provided by the technique. Emerging autom...

This paper gives two examples of experiments that demonstrate the power of small angle scattering techniques in the study of swollen polymer networks. First, it is shown how the partly ergodic character of these systems is directly detected by neutron spin echo experiments. The observed total field correlation function of the intensity scattered from a neutral gel allows the ergodic contributio...

For the (coherent) small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beamline X12SA of the Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institut, a novel X-ray detector is built, the PILATUS 2M. Contributions in module fabrication, detector assembly, characterization and calibration are covered within the framework of this thesis. Furthermore, data analysis of a particular SAXS experiment demonstrating the perfor...

Lingula unguis shell yields a diffuse small angle X-ray scattering which is caused mainly by the scattering from particles of apatite. In this study, the distribution of particles smaller than 500A was analyzed using the small angle X-ray scattering technique. The non-linear Guinier plot indicates that the shell contains various sizes of apatite particles ranging about 20-460A. The small granul...

Riboswitches are functional RNA molecules that control gene expression through conformational changes in response to small-molecule ligand binding. In addition, riboswitch 3D structure, like that of other RNA molecules, is dependent on cation-RNA interactions as the RNA backbone is highly negatively charged. Here, we show how small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can be used to probe RNA conforma...

be 35.1 kJ/mol (8.4 kcal/mol) for formation of the complex and 115.9 kJ/mol(27.7 kcal/mol) for dissociation of the complex. The kinetic results, as well as helping to describe and validate the model of hyaluronate-proteoglycan interaction, are also of value in the design of experiments. In the experiment shown in Fig. 1 equilibrium is only attained after approx. 1-lfh, as monitored by light-sca...

Small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) is a useful technique for probing the size, shape, reactivity, and interactions of dissolved species. It has been used extensively to characterize dissolved biomolecules, polymers, quantum dots, and nanoparticles. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are ideal for solution characterization via X-ray scattering because they are absolutely discrete in size, and th...

An X-ray scanning imaging technique using the integrated intensity of the smallangle X-ray scattering (SAXS) signal is presented. The technique is based on two-dimensional scanning of a thin sample section with an X-ray microbeam, collecting SAXS patterns at every scanning step using a two-dimensional detector. The integrated intensity within pre-defined regions of interest of the SAXS patterns...