The Food and drug were developed by pharmacists and physicians, in particular Persian scientists throughout medical history. There was an especial view on the subject of nutrition and medications in Persian medicine (PM). Avicenna was one of the main Persian physicians who contributed to this field in the Canon of medicine “Al-qanun-fi-al-tibb”, his main medical and pharmaceutical text book in ...

background: urticaria is a skin disease characterized by pruritic edematous lesions also called wheals. although these lesions are self-limited they may result in lowered quality of life index. by far, the most recognized mechanisms that trigger the progression of this condition are hypersensitivity reactions. as an herbal therapy, plantago major has been named in several references of persian ...

premenstrual syndromes (pms) are a group of menstrually related, chronic and cyclical disorders characterized by emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms in the second half (luteal phase) of the menstrual cycle. several line of evidence point to a significant role of the serotonergic system in the course of the luteal phase in women with pms/ premenstrual dysphoric disorder. it has been rep...

purpose: nowadays despite attempts having made by the medical society, health and therapeutic personnel as well as advancements in the therapeutic technology, yet the rate of non-satisfaction and actions by patients continue to increase. the aim of this study was to investigate malpractice complaints against ophthalmologists referred to the state of legal medicine organization.  methods: this i...

archaeological researches indicate that the use of silver was common in various practices; there were numerous mints for silver coinage across sassanid persia (circa 620 ad) indicating that persians were familiar with silver mining and its refining process. medical practice also benefited from that expertise, and in the course of the following centuries new forms of utilizing silver began to em...

in all societies, considering the nature of physicians’ profession, regarded as one of the confident groups among other social strata as well as in the courts, physicians had very high dignity and acquired kings’ revere accordingly. however, in diplomatic relations confidence strengthens mutualties. isaac beg was one of iranian medics who arrived in the palace of stephan iii in 1474. in the afo...