The dual-process theory of habituation attributes dishabituation, an increase in responding to a habituated stimulus after an interpolated deviant, to sensitization, a change in arousal. Our previous investigations into elicitation and habituation of the electrodermal orienting reflex (OR) showed that dishabituation is independent of sensitization for indifferent stimuli, arguing against dual-p...

Autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome (ASS)—also known as Gardner-Diamond syndrome—is an autoimmune vasculopathy associated with sensitization to phosphatidylserine, a phosphoglyceride of red blood cell membranes [1]. The syndrome was first described in 1955 by Gardner and Diamond in 4 female patients [2]. ASS is typically seen in adult females; however, pediatric and male patients have also b...

No data on the relationship between allergic sensitization to animal dander and milk allergens are available in literature in adults. Considering the high rate of allergic sensitization to mammals in atopic adults living in Naples area, we aimed to evaluate if sensitization to milk allergens could be a risk factor for these subjects. From 755 consecutive outpatients examined between May 1 2009 ...

BACKGROUND The role of palladium and nickel sensitization in oral disease and dermatitis is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether sensitization to these metals was associated with exposure to dental alloys and oral and skin complaints/symptoms in a European multicentre study. METHODS In six dermatology clinics, patch tests with palladium (3% Na2 PdCl4 ; Pd = 102.0 µmol/g) ...

An open-source implementation of a previously published integrated testing strategy (ITS) for skin sensitization using a Bayesian network has been developed using R, a free and open-source statistical computing language. The ITS model provides probabilistic predictions of skin sensitization potency based on in silico and in vitro information as well as skin penetration characteristics from a pu...

The human skin equivalent model (HSEM) is well known as an attractive alternative model for evaluation of dermal toxicity. However, only limited data are available on the usefulness of an HSEM for nanotoxicity testing. This study was designed to investigate cutaneous toxicity of polystyrene and TiO2 nanoparticles using cultured keratinocytes, an HSEM, and an animal model. In addition, we also e...

OBJECTIVE Lowered threshold of neurons (ie, neuronal sensitization) in atopic dermatitis was investigated by testing sensitivity to histamine. DESIGN Comparative study. SETTING A dermatological clinic and a research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 6 patients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis as well as 14 healthy control subjects. INTERVENTION...

PURPOSE We previously demonstrated seasonal variation in sensitization to aeroallergens in a small group of patients with exercise-induced asthma. This study was performed to confirm the relationship in a much larger population. METHODS The charts of 1,891 patients who received allergy skin prick tests were reviewed retrospectively. The test results from subjects aged ≤60 years were compared ...

The effective toxicological evaluation of skin sensitization demands that potential contact allergens are identified and that the likely risks of sensitization among exposed populations assessed. By definition, chemicals which possess the toxicological property of skin sensitization potentially are capable of causing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in humans. However, this hazard is not an al...