The partitioning of reproduction among individuals in communally breeding animals varies greatly among species, from the monopolization of reproduction (high reproductive skew) to similar contribution to the offspring in others (low skew). Reproductive skew models explain how relatedness or ecological constraints affect the magnitude of reproductive skew. They typically assume that individuals ...

In this article, we study statistical attractors of skew products which have an m-dimensional compact manifold M as a fiber and their ε-invisible subsets. For any n ≥ 100m, m = dim(M), we construct a set Rn in the space of skew products over the horseshoe with the fiber M having the following properties. Each C-skew product from Rn possesses a statistical attractor with an ε-invisible part, for...

GC skew is a measure of the strand asymmetry in the distribution of guanines and cytosines. GC skew favors R-loops, a type of three stranded nucleic acid structures that form upon annealing of an RNA strand to one strand of DNA, creating a persistent RNA:DNA hybrid. Previous studies show that GC skew is prevalent at thousands of human CpG island (CGI) promoters and transcription termination reg...

This paper proposes a new part-based approach for skew estimation of document images. The proposed method first estimates skew angles on rather small areas, which are the local parts of characters, and subsequently determines the global skew angle by aggregating those local estimations. A local skew estimation on a part of a skewed character is performed by finding an identical part from prepar...

In recent years, the skew-normal models introduced by Azzalini (1985)—and their multivariate generalizations from Azzalini and Dalla Valle (1996)—have enjoyed an amazing success, although an important literature has reported that they exhibit, in the vicinity of symmetry, singular Fisher information matrices and stationary points in the profile log-likelihood function for skewness, with the usu...

let $rin textbf{c}^{mtimes m}$ and $sin textbf{c}^{ntimes n}$ be nontrivial involution matrices; i.e., $r=r^{-1}neq pm~i$ and $s=s^{-1}neq pm~i$. an $mtimes n$ complex matrix $a$ is said to be an $(r, s)$-symmetric ($(r, s)$-skew symmetric) matrix if $ras =a$ ($ ras =-a$). the $(r, s)$-symmetric and $(r, s)$-skew symmetric matrices have a number of special properties and widely used in engi...

curls and curves of a shell interweave its various strain modes and link them together. this interactional behavior has yet frustrated all attempts for the construction of shell templates, which needs for an individual element test in traditional approaches. such a test fails to work for shell elements and must be reconstructed. in this paper, it is tried to study shell interactional behavior a...