Whether because individuals are made aware of negative stereotypes about how they should perform or are in a high-stakes testing situation, a stressful environment can adversely affect the success people have in solving math problems. I review work examining how unwanted failure in math occurs and individual differences in those most likely to fail. This work suggests that a high-stress situati...

We conducted 2 experiments that examined 3-year-olds’ ability to talk about future situations involving the self. In both experiments, children participated in a trip task. In this task, children were asked to choose various items that might be required on a trip, and to explain their choices verbally. A coding scheme that captured both the dimensions of futurity and uncertainty was developed t...

Chemotherapeutic regimens involve the systemic administration of genotoxic compounds that induce cancer cell death via well-established DNA damage response signaling networks. Less understood is how the treatment of other cell types within the tumor microenvironment affects the therapeutic response. Here we discuss recent work that shows that tumor-adjacent cells can respond to genotoxic stress...

Ferguson, C. (1971) first introduces the idea of “foreigner talk” (FT) and examines the grammatical simplicity in FT by indicating the absence of the copula in “grammatical machinery for equational clauses” (for instance, in the case of the Japanese language). Evidences of simplified speech in FT is similar to ‘retarded talk’. And, because it can also be directed at children, it is also referre...

Many types of learning require the mapping of information across situations. The proposed organizational framework extends the cognitive study of mappings across problems to include mappings across representations, solutions, and sociocultural contexts. I apply one-to-one, one-to-many, and partial mappings to analyze representative cases that include ones studied within alternative frameworks t...

BACKGROUND This study explores the role of pleasure in decision making. RESULTS In Experiment 1, 12 subjects were presented with a questionnaire containing 46 items taken from the literature. Twenty-three items described a situation where a decision should be made and ended with a suggested solution. The other items served as filler items. The subjects were requested not to make a decision bu...

Cats are nice. (: : :) because cats never overlap. Abstract In this paper we discuss two approaches to adverbial quantiication, the so-called`bound variable approach' and thèsituation-based approach', and we address the suggestion that has been made in the literature that the latter reduces to the former as soon as the underlying structure of situations has been characterized at the required le...

MRI is negative? Is the management of axillary lymph node metastases in women with CUP the same as for patients with breast cancer? Finally, one has to ask about the systemic treatment. Alwin Krämer and colleagues tried to give answers to all these questions about CUP in general and in specific situations, such as unilateral axillary lymph node involvement [8]. The next review by Sibylle Loibl ...

Classical semantic information (CSI) assigns the same body of semantic information (Cont) as well as the same amount of semantic information (cont or inf) to logically equivalent sentences. A corollary of this fact is that all logically true sentences will receive a null assignment of semantic information via Cont as well as a zero measure of semantic information via cont or inf. The originator...

i One of the most prominent questions for us, as many other kinds of workers — is to evaluate to what extent we are able to reach our working objectives. As actors of the learning process, whether it is as teachers , trainers, tutors, IT specialists, program managers, training managers, responsible of Institutions, or whatever kind of decision maker, we are more specifically interested in evide...