The magnitude of flooding in New York City by Hurricane Sandy is commonly believed to be extremely rare, with estimated return periods near or greater than 1000 years. However, the brevity of tide gauge records result in significant uncertainties when estimating the uniqueness of such an event. Here we compare resultant deposition by Hurricane Sandy to earlier storm-induced flood layers in orde...

Abstract. We present a new 3D unstructured-grid global ocean model to study both tidal and nontidal processes, with focus on the total water elevation. Unlike existing models, resolves estuaries rivers down ∼8 m without need for grid nesting. The is validated satellite in situ observations elevation, temperature, salinity. Tidal elevation solutions have mean complex root-mean-square error (RMSE...

A method is described for providing a levelling datum to sea level record containing hourly heights (or similar) with the use of second from nearby location consisting high waters o...

Abstract With its increasing record length and subsequent reduction in influence of shorter-term variability on measured trends, satellite altimeter measurements sea level provide an opportunity to assess near-term rise. Here, we use gridded created from the network altimeters tandem with tide gauge observations produce observation-based trajectories rise along coastlines United States now unti...

Decadal and long-term variability of sea level in the Southwestern Pacific (SWP) was investigated by using tide gauge measurements obtained near New Zealand during 1948–2018 a 1.5-layer reduced gravity model. After removal global mean level, there still exists prominent positive trend strong decadal oscillations SWP which are attributed to Southern Annular Mode (SAM) Interdecadal Oscillation (I...