In situ and ex situ neutron reflectivity is used to characterize annealed regioregular-P3HT/PCBM bilayers. In situ annealing of a 20 nm PCBM/35 nm P3HT bilayer at 170 °C reveals rapid mixing of PCBM and P3HT to produce a polymer-rich layer that contains around 18–20% PCBM. Samples with three different thicknesses of P3HT layer are ex situ annealed at 140 °C. This again reveals migration of PCBM...

The distribution of liquid at the semi solid state is one of the most important parameters for steel thixoforging. It has a great influence on the viscosity of the material, on the flows and finally on the final shape and mechanical properties of the thixoforged parts. Both ex situ and in situ 3D X-ray microtomography characterizations have been carried out to determine the quantity and localiz...

The spin-crossover properties of the strongly cooperative compound [Fe(PM-PEA)2(NCS)2] (with PM-PEA = N-(21-pyridylmethylene)-4-(phenylethynyl)aniline) have been investigated under external in situ pressure, external ex situ pressure and internal pressure. In situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigations under pressure indicate a Spin-Crossover (SCO) at about 400 MPa and room temperature...

The number of threatened plants in the Philippines continues to rise due emerging threats such as rapid growth population, increased rate land conversion, introduction invasive alien species, climate change and, illegal trade wildlife. Sustainable conservation programs for Philippine that will promote participation ordinary citizens through establishment home gardens and collaboration among res...

The radial growth and advancement of the adhesive interface to the substratum of many species of acorn barnacles occurs underwater and beneath an opaque, calcified shell. Here, the time-dependent growth processes involving various autofluorescent materials within the interface of live barnacles are imaged for the first time using 3D time-lapse confocal microscopy. Key features of the interface ...

ISSR molecular markers have been used to investigate genetic diversity of oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), an Andean neglected tuber crop species. Sampling procedure allowed a preliminary study of the genetic diversity at the intraand intervarietal levels. Twenty tuber lots conserved in situ in the microcentre of Candelaria and ex situ in the Toralapa Centre (Bolivia) were identified. Four ISSR prim...

Application of a functional surface coating on Li-ion battery electrodes can potentially result in a significant enhancement of the lifespan of the battery cell. In particular, atomic layer deposition (ALD), which can create highly conformal ultrathin oxide films on many different electrodes has been shown to increase the cyclability in these systems. In this study, we explore the impact of suc...

Whilst most studies in single-molecule electronics involve components first synthesized ex situ, there is also great potential in exploiting chemical transformations to prepare devices in situ. Here, as a first step towards this goal, we conduct reversible reactions on monolayers to make and break covalent bonds between alkanes of different lengths, then measure the conductance of these molecul...