The Human Genome Project is providing a wealth of information about the human gene repertoire , and promises to furnish a complete genome sequence (and thereby a complete gene catalog) by the year 2005. This enormous output of data is beginning to be complemented by large scale studies designed to uncover normally occurring variations within human gene sequences. Much of this variability is ver...

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the status of RANKL6-7 gene polymorphism in patients with chronic (mild, moderate, severe) and aggressive periodontitis as well as healthy controls. We examined80 patients for the RANKL6-7 polymorphisms (rs1054016 and rs9567000). Polymorphism was determinedby polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. No statistica...

Background: Recent studies have shown that KIT is expressed in the cytoplasm of the spermatogonia, acrosomal granules and leydig cells. Reduction in KIT expression in oligozoospermia with an increase in the germ cell apoptosis process. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified and these have been studied to discover KIT role in the male infertility. The aim of this study...

Abstract Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some genes which are involving in sperm maturation, are considered as one of the main reason for male infertility. Any changes in protamine genes may cause abnormal histone-protamine replacement during spermiogenesis and have been indicated to cause sperm DNA damage and infertility. Objective: The aim of present case-control study w...

New structural analysis methods, and a tree formalism re-define and expand the RNA motif concept, unifying what previously appeared to be disparate groups of structures. We find RNA tetraloops at high frequencies, in new contexts, with unexpected lengths, and in novel topologies. The results, with broad implications for RNA structure in general, show that even at this most elementary level of o...

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping is the easiest and most reliable way to map genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. SNPs are extremely dense and usually have no associated phenotype, making them ideal markers for mapping. SNP mapping has three steps. First, recombinant mutant animals are generated over a polymorphic strain (usually CB4856) using standard genetic techniques. Second, the ge...

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most usual form of polymorphism in human genome.Analyses of genetic variations have revealed that individual genomes share common SNP-haplotypes. Theparticular pattern of these common variations forms a block-like structure on human genome. In this work,we develop a new method based on the Perfect Phylogeny Model to identify haplo...

In the present research, molecular detection of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) and complex vertebral malformation (CVM)in a population of Iranian Holstein cows has been carried outusing milk somatic cells by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). The BLAD and CVM are monogenic and autosomal recessive heredity lethal syndrome in Holstein-Friesi...