abstract background and objective: a high level of homogeneity observed within all bacteria in the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex makes a property that seriously challenges traditional biochemical-based identification methods of these pathogens in the laboratory. the work presented here was conducted to characterize mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in golestan, northern iran. mat...

This paper unearths the contribution of lexical cohesion to the textuality and overall meaning of Malcolm X’s speech 'The Ballot or the Bullet'. Drawing on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) and Hoey’s (1991) theory of cohesion, specifically lexical   cohesion, whose main thrust is the role of lexical items in not only contributing to meaning but also serving as cohesive ties, the paper discusses how ...

For individual molecules quantum mechanics (QM) offers a simple, natural and elegant way to build large-scale complex networks: quantized energy levels are the nodes, allowed transitions among the levels are the links, and transition intensities supply the weights. QM networks are intrinsic properties of molecules and they are characterized experimentally via spectroscopy; thus, realizations of...

Complex networks are all around us, and they can be generated by simple mechanisms. Understanding what kinds of networks can be produced by following simple rules is therefore of great importance. This issue is investigated by studying the dynamics of extremely simple systems where a “writer” moves around a network, modifying it in a way that depends upon the writer’s surroundings. Each vertex ...

To cite: Sheridan M, Kirubakaran S. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2014208869 DESCRIPTION A 76-year-old woman on warfarin for atrial fibrillation presented for routine pacing check 6 weeks after implantation of a dual-chamber device. She felt weak and generally unwell. The atrial lead was not sensing or pacing at high outputs. A chest X-ray showed...

Complex cognitive tasks present a range of computational and algorithmic challenges for neural accounts of both learning and inference. In particular, it is extremely hard to solve them using the sort of simple policies that have been extensively studied as solutions to elementary Markov decision problems. There has thus been recent interest in architectures for the instantiation and even learn...

The range of phenomena addressed by physicists in trying to understand nature is very wide. In length scales, it varies from the Planck scale ( about 10 meters), to the size of the universe ( ∼ 10 meters). In time scales from 10 seconds to billions of years. The enormity of this range is somewhat mind-boggling. While the problems of understanding ultra-short and very-large length scales are cer...

We define the automorphism spectrum of a computable structure M, a measurement of the complexity of the symmetries of M, and prove that certain sets of Turing degrees can be realized as automorphism spectra, while certain others cannot.