Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in addition to the C-terminal region can phosphorylate receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) in their linker region. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of signaling mediators such as NAD(P)H oxidases (reactive oxygen species [ROS] generators), ROS, and ROS-sensitive p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in this signaling ...

Neurological inflammatory diseases are developing rapidly. Different factors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this article, we discuss some of the mechanisms are dealt with. An aberrant procedure of beta-amyloid precursor protein (BAPP) to form neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptides and an accumulated insoluble polymer of beta –amyloid (BA) that forms the senile plaque. The ab...

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and its underlying potential mechanism.Materials and Methods: The tissue explant adherence method was used to isolate hPDLSCs. Flowcytometry, Alizarin Red staining and Oil Red ...

Background: Hepsin, a type II transmembrane serine protease encoded by HPN gene, is commonly overexpressed in prostate and breast cancer. Hepsin protein stabilized Ras-MAPK pathway signaling, downstream, this regulates the degradation of extracellular matrix components activates growth factor pathways, including hepatocyte transforming (TGF) beta pathway. The significance hepsin-dependent signa...

Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in regulating various cellular processes. In a variety of cell types, Ca signaling occurs within microdomains where channels deliver localized pulses of Ca activating a nearby collection of Ca-sensitive receptors. The small number of channels involved ensures that the signaling process is stochastic. The aggregate response of several thousand of these microd...

Klotho (KL) encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein and is predominantly expressed in the kidney, parathyroid glands, and choroid plexus. Genetic studies on the KL gene have revealed that DNA hypermethylation is one of the major risk factors for aging, diseases, and cancer. Besides, KL exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects by regulating signaling pathways and the expression of tar...

objective: despite the huge efforts, chronic kidney disease (ckd) remains as an unsolved problem in medicine. many studies have shown a central role for transforming growth factor beta-1 (tgfβ-1) and its downstream signaling cascades in the pathogenesis of ckd. in this study, we have reanalyzed a microarray dataset to recognize critical signaling pathways controlled by tgfβ-1. materials and met...