OBJECTIVE Surgery remains the treatment of choice in patients with potentially resectable lung carcinoma. Both the British Thoracic Society and American Chest Physician guidelines for the selection of patients with lung cancer surgery suggest the use of a shuttle walk test to predict outcome in patients with borderline lung function. The guidelines suggest that if the patient is unable to walk ...

Incremental Shuttle Walk The incremental shuttle walk was performed in an enclosed corridor on a flat 10-meterlong course. As previously described by Singh and colleagues, patients walked around two cones, each positioned 0.5 m from either end, following the rhythm dictated by the audio signal. Walking speed was initially set at 0.50 meters/second and subsequently increased by 0.17 meter/second...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the applicability of the incremental (shuttle) walk test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and compare the performance of those patients on the shuttle walk test to that of the same patients on the encouraged 6-minute walk test. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 24 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selecte...

In 1993, the Space Shuttle Program selected an off-the-shelf Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver to eventually replace the three Tactical Air Navigation units on each space shuttle orbiter. A proven, large production base GPS receiver was believed to be the key to reducing integration, certification, and maintenance costs. More GPS software changes, shuttle flight software changes, and fli...

ARC1 is a novel U-box protein required in the Brassica pistil for the rejection of self-incompatible pollen; it functions downstream of the S receptor kinase (SRK). Here, we show that ARC1 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and contains several motifs that influence its subcellular localization. ARC1 can shuttle between the nucleus, cytosol, and proteasome/COP9 signalosome (CSN) when expressed in...

Effects of a newly synthesized xanthine derivative propentofylline (3,7-dihydro-3-methyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-7-propyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione) on learning and memory of rodents were examined in the two different paradigms. In a shuttle box active avoidance paradigm, propentofylline (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) improved the decreased learning ability of 12-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. Normotensive ...

In cats atropine sulphate injected intraperitoneally in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg abolished the hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (RSA) accompanying the performance of instrumental active avoidance response in a shuttle box. The action of atropine consisted in a gradual elimination of RSA, the RSA of slower frequency occurring during latency (the period of attentive immobility between the CS ...

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of neonatal handling on learned helplessness (LH) model of depression in the rat. We also investigated the effect of neonatal handling on behavior in an open field test of emotionality. The handling procedure reduced helplessness behavior, with a decrease in the number of escape failures, an increase in the number of avoidance response...

In line with previous research showing that animals predisposed to develop schedule-induced polydipsia when submitted to intermittent distribution of food show differential behavioural and neurochemical characteristics, the present experiments investigated the nature of defense reactions to aversive situations in rats that do or do not develop schedule-induced polydipsia. It was found that rats...

The memory effects of agonists and antagonists of some serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes were examined in experiments on rats using an active avoidance method (shuttle-box). The 5-HT receptor antagonists NAN 190 (1 mg/kg i.p.) and pindolol (6 mg/kg i.p.) improved some indices for memory; the 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists ritanserin (1 mg/kg i.p.) and ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) exerted...