We reviewed 28 patients with brachial plexus lesions caused by shoulder dislocation. Contrary to most other reports, we found that the neurological lesions involved the infraclavicular and the supraclavicular brachial plexus. With supraclavicular lesions the involvement was always of the suprascapular nerve, and this always recovered spontaneously. Isolated axillary nerve lesions had the poores...

While the cumulative nature of knowledge production has been recognized as central to the process of economic growth, the microeconomic and institutional foundations of cumulativeness are less understood. This paper disentangles two distinct mechanisms-selection and marginal effects-by which institutions impact cumulativeness. The selection effect results from the fact that institutions (e.g., ...

We reviewed eight children (ten shoulders) who had suffered neonatal sepsis, after a mean follow-up of 14 years (11 to 15). The delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was one day in five patients, two days in three and seven days in one. All ten shoulders were treated by aspiration, followed by arthrotomy in two. At follow-up, five of the ten shoulders had a full range of movement an...

The title of this piece refers to Newton’s only known modest remark: “If I have seen farther than other men, it was because I was standing on the shoulders of giants.” Since he himself was so much greater than his predecessors, he was in fact standing on the shoulders of dwarfs, a much less attractive metaphor. I intend no comparisons with Newton inwhat follows: NLP/CL has noNewtons and noNobel...

A quote attributed to Isaac Newton says “If I have seen a little further it’s because I stand on the shoulders of giants”. This was indeed stated by Newton, but the general metaphor of a dwarf standing on a giant goes back many, many years earlier. I would recommend the wonderful 1965 book by Robert K. Merton, referred to fondly as OTSOG (on the shoulders of giants) [1] . Alan M. Turing (1912-1...

We report a young male of autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) with positive family history presented with gradual onset proximal muscle weakness in all four limbs since eight years and thinning of shoulders, arms and thighs. Neurological examination revealed atrophy of both shoulders with wasting of both deltoids thinning of thighs and pseudo hypertrophy of both calves, hy...