347:146–151. 37. Pierot L, Desnos C, Blin J, et al. D1 and D2-type dopamine receptors in patients with Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol Sci 1988;86:291–306. 38. Rinne JO, Laihinen A, Lönnberg P, Marjamäki P, Rinne UK. A postmortem study on striatal dopamine receptors in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 1991;556:117–122. 39. Gurevich EV, Joyce JN. Distribution of do...

In this study we have developed a rapid method for the shotgun analysis of bile acids in intestinal fluid. The method is semi-quantitative, and requires little sample preparation. Bile salts might contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. In a pilot study we demonstrate the method by analysing the bile acid content of ileal fluid from seven Crohn's disease patients and three healthy co...

We consider the problem of reconstructing graphs or labeled graphs from neighborhoods of a given radius r. Special instances of this problem include DNA shotgun assembly, neural network reconstruction, and assembling random jigsaw puzzles. We provide some necessary and some sufficient conditions for correct recovery both in combinatorial terms and for some generative models including random lab...

Microbes dominate most global biogeochemical cycles, and microbial metagenomics (studying the collective microbial genomes) provides invaluable new insights into microbial systems, independent of cultivation. Metagenomic approaches targeting specific genes, e.g. small subunit (ssu) ribosomal RNA (rRNA), can be used to investigate microbial community organization by efficiently showing which tax...

Shotgun injuries from a short distance (<3 m) may cause massive bleeding and tissue destruction. Only immediate aggressive (surgical) therapy prevents lethal outcome. We report about a 27-year-old patient, who was wounded on the left chest wall by a straight-cut shotgun from a short distance. In cases of this special traumatic pattern damage control measures are necessary. The measures should t...

The global identification of post-translationally modified proteins is a difficult challenge that is currently being addressed by many researchers in the field of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. The ability to identify thousands of proteins by shotgun-based strategies has made the mere idea of a global analysis of a particular protein modification seem reasonable. There has been much p...

We have previously reported a phage display method for the identification of protein domains on a genome-wide scale (shotgun proteolysis). Herewe present the solution structure of a fragment of the Escherichia coli membrane protein yrfF, as identified by shotgun proteolysis, and determined by NMR spectroscopy. Despite the absence of computational predictions, the fragment formed a well-defined ...

It is well known that the tendency of unmarried pregnant women to marry has declined precipitously since the 1960s. This has been attributed to the undermining by new birth-control technologies of the "Shotgun-wedding" social norm that enforced commitment to marriage on pregnancy. However the fraction of marriages in which the bride was already pregnant before the wedding has remained remarkabl...

In the past decade, shotgun proteomic analysis has been utilized extensively to answer complex biological questions. New challenges arise in large scale proteomic profiling when dealing with complex biological mixtures such as the mammalian cell lysate. In this study, we explored the approach of protein separation prior to the shotgun multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) ...