Field surveys of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, and its natural enemies, as well as natural enemy exclosure experiments, were conducted during 2003 and 2004 in soybean fields near Langfang, China. In 2003, aphid density increased six-fold during 12 d in July from 66+/-12 per 10 plants to a seasonal peak of 401+/-79 per 10 plants. Aphid density remained high for another 10 d and declin...

We give a new characterization of the Gelfand triple of function spaces in (S0, L, S′ 0) by means of a family of time-frequency localization operators. The localization operators are defined by the short-time Fourier transform and determine the local time-frequency behavior, whereas the global timefrequency distribution is characterized by a sequence space norm. We also show that the alternativ...

Wild herbivores and livestock share the majority of rangelands worldwide, yet few controlled experiments have addressed their individual, additive, and interactive impacts on ecosystem function. While ungulate herbivores generally reduce standing biomass, their effects on aboveground net primary production (ANPP) can vary by spatial and temporal context, intensity of herbivory, and herbivore id...