Gaze is strongly attracted to visual objects that have been associated with rewards. Key to this function is a basal ganglia circuit originating from the caudate nucleus (CD), mediated by the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and aiming at the superior colliculus (SC). Notably, subregions of CD encode values of visual objects differently: stably by CD tail [CD(T)] vs. flexibly by CD head ...

To accelerate the broad application of silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs, their short-circuit (SC) robustness and reliability must be thoroughly evaluated. This article, therefore, presents an overview related research methods aiming to meet that objective. Topics reviewed include non-destructive tester (NDT) used implement SC faults, extraction analysis degradation parameters, failure SiC MO...

Yasuda M, Hikosaka O. Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata separately signaling stable and flexible values. J Neurophysiol 113: 1681–1696, 2015. First published December 24, 2014; doi:10.1152/jn.00674.2014.—Gaze is strongly attracted to visual objects that have been associated with rewards. Key to this function is a basal ganglia circuit originating from the caudat...

The effect of single and double-layer anti-reflective coatings on efficiency enhancement of silicon solar cells was investigated. The reflectance of different anti-reflection structures were calculated using the transfer matrix method and then to predict the performance of solar cells coated by these structures, the weighted average reflectance curves were used as an input of a PC1D simulation....

Induction machines are the working horses in a lot of industries. Inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault is one most common failure modes taking place them. It can generate large currents that lead to local temperature rise faulty stator slot, which deteriorates performance machine or even cascades complete breakdown. This article focuses on developing transient thermal models for an induction u...

Taking a 1000 MW turbine generator as the research object, short-circuit fault in electrical disturbance is analyzed. Since it very difficult to carry out analysis experiments and on actual systems, simulation one of more effective means diagnosis; simulation’s results approach behavior system are ideal tools for power analysis, can provide an empirical basis practical applications. The model S...

The subject of arc fault detection and circuit interruption has gained a lot of attention in recent years, particularly in the aviation industry. This is primarily due to a spate of in-flight fires which have been linked to faulty electrical systems and wiring on aircraft. Typical causes of faults are wiring chafing, dust build up and moisture [1][2]. Until recently, aircraft circuit breakers, ...

It was observed that the ionic conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte LiI/3-hydroxypropionitrile (HPN) = 1:4 (molar ratio) decreased dramatically with increasing iodine (I(2)) concentration, which differs from the conduction behavior of the Grotthuss transport mechanism observed in liquid or gel electrolytes. The short-circuit photocurrent density (J(sc)) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (...

The relative contributions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in mediating prostaglandin (PG)-dependent chloride secretion were investigated in segments of mouse colon mounted in Ussing-type diffusion chambers. COX-2 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed as shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western immunoblot, respectively. COX-2 immunoreactivity was detecte...

A near-infrared sensitive hybrid photovoltaic system between PbS nanocrystals (PbS-NCs) and C(60) is demonstrated. Up to 0.44% power conversion efficiency is obtained under AM1.5G with a short circuit current density (J(sc)) of 5 mA cm(-2) when the PbS-NC layer is treated in anhydrous methanol. The observed J(sc) is found be approximately one-third of the maximum expected from this hybrid confi...