This paper shows a solution for controlling shortcircuit currents of a power electronic based Fault Current Limiter (FCL). A model for control design of three-phase short-circuit currents will be presented. A way of limiting the maximum aperiodic short-circuit current is derived with special regards to the stability of the entire system. Control designs of singleand two-phase shortcircuit curre...

CHIEN, WAN-Ju, AND C. E. Stevens. Coupled active transport of Na and Cl across forestomach epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 223(4) : 9971003. 1972.-Bidirectional fluxes of Na and Cl across the isolated, short-circuited bovine rumen epithelium were measured by both doubleand quadruple-isotope-labeling techniques. Both Na and Cl were actively transported in the direction of lumen to blood, but since C...

In some short circuit studies, the X/R ratio is ignored when comparing the short circuit rating of the equipment to the available fault current at the equipment. What is not always realized is that when lowvoltage gear is tested, it is tested at a certain X/R ratio. The X/R ratio is important because it determines the peak asymmetrical fault current. The asymmetrical fault current can be much l...

As MOSFET sizes and wire widths become very small in recent years, influence of resistive component of interconnects on the estimation of propagation delay and power dissipation can no longer be neglected. In this paper we present a short-circuit power dissipation formula for static CMOS logic gates driving a CRC load. By representing the short-circuit current and the current flowing in the res...

Power semiconductor devices under short-circuit are submitted to high current and high voltage simultaneously that induce high electrical and thermal stresses. Several types of event leading to failure can appear under short circuit conditions in IGBT depending on the device structure, current load and voltage levels. One particular short circuit event appears once the device has turned off. Af...

Alterations in ion transport associated with hypertension have been found in a variety of organs. We used a modified Ussing chamber to compare the NaCl dependence of the short-circuit current across the dorsal lingual epithelium in vitro from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with that from Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The short-circuit current in response to mucosal NaCl was less in SHR than i...

Improving the efficiency of solar cells through novel materials and devices is critical to realize the full potential of solar energy to meet the growing worldwide energy demands. We present here a highly efficient radial p-n junction silicon solar cell using an asymmetric nanowire structure with a shorter bottom core diameter than at the top. A maximum short circuit current density of 27.5 mA/...

We report a stable field emission ~FE! current from sharp tungsten ~W! tips in relatively poor vacuum ~up to 10 mbar) conditions. We use small tip–anode spacing to keep the extraction voltage low. A simple current regulator circuit, with a bandwidth of ;1.6 kHz, was designed, which controls the voltage applied according to the emission current measured. Without a current regulator circuit, an u...