Shifting cultivation is a dominant land-use in the tropical forest-agriculture frontier Southeast Asia and blamed for much of environmental degradation region. We examined distribution availability four soil macronutrients—i.e., organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) potassium (K), secondary forests regenerating after shifting abandonment. Soil samples were collected along an ...

The Hong’s modified histogram shifting method is best method of reversible watermarking. But Hong’s modified histogram method is not suitable for cartoon images. Our improved backward histogram shifting method overcome drawback of Hong’s method. Generally PSNR decreases when embedding capacity increases. But our improved backward histogram shifting method gives more embedding capacity and high ...

The modified histogram shifting method proposed by Hong et. al.(2010) is best method of reversible watermarking[16]. The shifting of pixels are more in Hong et. al.(2010) method. Even Hong et. al.(2010) method of modified histogram shifting has less embedding capacity and do not provide enough quality for general purpose image. Our forward modified histogram shifting method overcomes all these ...

In Gradient Echo (GE) images, susceptibility artifact induces both intravoxel dephasing and pixel shifting (Fig. 2-a) leading to intensity and geometric distortions [1] that may disturb image analysis. In previous works, correction of GE images is assessed by modifying acquisition parameters or by using specific sequences [2]. All the proposed techniques always constrain the acquisition process...

Digital watermark is a technique used to protect the ownership of images and their associated software. A useful watermark scheme should be visually imperceptible and must be robust to resist various attacks: such as JPEG compression, pixel-shifting, cropping, blurring, etc. In this paper, we propose a public watermarking system to protect image processing software and images. We embed a binary...

This work presents a novel robust wavelet-tree-based watermarking method based on structure-based quantization. Wavelet-trees are arranged into super-trees. The watermark bits are then embedded into the super-trees by using the proposed structure-based quantization method. Next, the super-trees are quantized into a significant structure according to these bits. The quantized super-tree has a st...