We propose a minimum cost method for traffic shaping and policing in the context of quality-of-service (QoS) based networks. Given the user's desired QoS and the network's resource availability, our procedure determines the least-cost parameters for a traffic shaper or policer which still guarantees access to the network whilst satisfying the QoS constraints. We illustrate our scheme using on-o...

Paleoecology is based on the documentation of occurrences and abundances of taxa across time and space. Although methodologically similar to the techniques of neontological ecologists, the discipline is distinct in its integration of a deeper time axis into our understanding of the processes shaping the earth’s ecological patterns. Taphonomy is the study of the processes by which organic remain...

INTRODUCTION Many reciprocating file systems (RFs) have recently been introduced. This article reviews the properties, effectiveness, and clinical outcomes of the RFs. METHODS A PubMed electronic search was conducted by using appropriate key words to identify investigations on RFs. After retrieving the full-text relevant articles, the cross citations were also identified. RESULTS This revie...

A R TI CL E Abstract Surface-plasmon-polariton waves are twodimensional electromagnetic surface waves that propagate at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. These waves exhibit unusual and attractive properties, such as high spatial confinement and enhancement of the optical field, and are widely used in a variety of applications, such as sensing and subwavelength optics. The ability...

Abstract Background Shaping ability of a file plays an important role during instrumentation in endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare the shaping OneShape (OS), Hero Shaper (HS), and Revo-S (RS) instruments simulated L-shaped canals. Methods Forty-eight canals were prepared apical size 25 using OS, HS, RS (all from Micro-Mega SA, Besançon, France), (n = 16 canals/group) systems. The...

BACKGROUND Micro-CT (μCT) studies that combine simulated canals with meglucamine diatrizoate to evaluate the shaping ability of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shaping ability of three new different nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals using μCT. METHODS Thirty simulated root canals w...