Since passage of the Clean Water Act, federal, state, and local governments together with the private sector have spent billions of dollars attempting to meet the act’s goals of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters. While great progress has been made, especially with respect to reducing traditional point sources of pollution, we are f...

Watershed management, in its very nature, represents a participatory process, requiring horizontal and vertical collaborations among multiple institutions and stakeholders. For watershed-scale management to be effective, a social-learning infrastructure needs to be in place to allow for the integration of diverse knowledge and interests related to watershed protection and restoration. Environme...

Storage routing models are becoming more widely accepted for flood hydrograph synthesis. The network models represent a considerable advance in this direction even though these models are based on many assumptions and empirical relationships. Watershed Bounded Network Model (WBNM) is one such model. This model maintains a good relationship between the hydrological and geomorphological propertie...

Contaminant releases from upland areas can have adverse water quality and stream ecology impacts. TREX (Two-dimensional, Runoff, Erosion, and Export) is a spatially distributed, physically-based model to simulate chemical transport and fate at the watershed scale. TREX combines surface hydrology and sediment transport features from the CASC2D watershed model with chemical transport features fro...

Various researchers have concluded the existence of many glaciers in doubt by the end of this century due to global warming phenomenon. The great Himalayas are also under such stress. The recent acceleration in rainfall pattern resulted the ever worst destruction due to floods (2010) in Pakistan. Many Watershed models, capable of incorporating the climate change scenarios have been developed in...

A watershed is a complex ecosystem. Assessment of watershed condition entails consideration of numerous issues and factors. The problem is complex, the issues are not well defined, and data are often lacking. These characteristics suggest that a knowledgebased approximate reasoning approach is especially useful for watershed assessment. This paper describes a knowledge base for watershed assess...

Due to the rapid population growth and urbanization in the City of Calgary, the Elbow River watershed in southern Alberta covering 1238 km has been subjected to considerable land-use changes over the last decade. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of land-use intensification simulated with a cellular automata (CA) model on the hydrological processes of the watershed using MIKE-...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Infarction in the internal border-zone region has been described radiologically and pathologically. The aim of this study was to define the clinical and pathophysiological correlates of internal watershed infarction. METHODS Eighteen consecutive stroke patients with evidence of internal watershed infarction on computed tomography (CT) were studied. RESULTS Two CT patt...

Evaluation of flow and transport processes in a watershed-scale requires that the watershed be divided into homogenous spatial units referred to as hydrologically similar units (HSUs). Although a few discretization schemes are already in use, a universally acceptable method of obtaining HSUs is yet to emerge. In this study, we developed a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to classify the saturated h...