The classical shadows protocol, recently introduced by Huang, Kueng, and Preskill [Nat. Phys. 16, 1050 (2020)], is a quantum-classical protocol to estimate properties of an unknown quantum state. Unlike full state tomography, the can be implemented on near-term hardware requires few measurements make many predictions with high success probability. In this paper, we study effects noise protocol....

Agile methodologies can be enhanced by the use of shadows as this feature because of its inherent ability to dynamically change the behavior of classes and objects, provides mechanisms to ease common tasks such as prototyping, deprecating, dynamic classification and interclassing at run-time. We feel however that shadows should be considered a notion beyond any specific programming languages, s...

A shadow of a subset S of Euclidean space is an orthogonal projection of S into one of the coordinate hyperplanes. In this paper we show that it is not possible for all three shadows of a cycle (i.e., a simple closed curve) in R to be paths (i.e., simple open curves). We also show two contrasting results: the three shadows of a path in R can all be cycles (although not all convex) and, for ever...

The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the processing of an object shadow occurs implicitly, that is without conscious awareness, and where physically within the human brain shadows are processed. Here we present neurological evidence, obtained from studies of brain-injured patients with visual neglect, that shadows are implicitly processed and that this processing may take p...

We present a method for high quality soft shadows for area lights in cinematic lighting. The method is an extension of traditional shadow maps, so it has the advantage of image based shadow methods; the algorithm’s complexity is independent of geometric complexity. We introduce multilayer transparent shadow maps, which can be used to produce high quality soft shadows for scenes with extremely c...