It is a general rule that of two complementary Drosophila imaginal disc fragments, one regenerates and the other duplicates. This paper reports an investigation of an exception to this rule. Duplicating fragments from the periphery of the wing disc which lacked presumptive notum were found to regenerate notum structures during and after duplication. The propensity for this was greatest in fragm...

BACKGROUND Posterior epidural migration of lumbar disc fragments (PEMLDF) is extremely rare. It is often confused with other posterior lesions and is usually diagnosed intraoperatively. We here describe the use of preoperative discography in the diagnosis of PEMLDF. CASE PRESENTATION A 78-year-old man presented with acute low back pain, gait disturbance, and paresthesia in both legs. Magnetic...

The thermodynamic structure of protoplanetary discs is determined by dust opacities, which depend on the size grains and their chemical composition. In inner regions, grain sizes are regulated level turbulence (e.g. α viscosity) fragmentation velocity that represents maximal can have at a collision before they fragment. Here, we perform self-consistently calculated 2D hydrodynamical simulations...

conclusions in this study, we found that in spite of previous beliefs, discopathies were not common etiologies of lbp. thus, even in patients with proven ldh by imaging studies, the physician should perform a thorough evaluation for other causes of lbp to avoid unnecessary lumbar surgeries. results in our study, among 1250 patients with proven ldh by mri, 500 patients (40%) had chronic lbp and ...

We describe a case of intracranial carotid artery occlusion due to penetrating craniofacial injury by high velocity foreign body that was relieved by decompressive surgery. A 46-year-old man presented with a penetrating wound to his face. A piece of an electric angular grinder disc became lodged in the anterior skull base. Computed tomography revealed that the disc had penetrated the unilateral...

Normal sexual differentiation in the genital organs is essential for the animal species that use sexual reproduction. Although it is known that doublesex (dsx) is required for the sexual development of the genitalia in various insect species, the direct target genes responsible for the sexual differentiation of the genitalia have not been identified. The lozenge (lz) gene is expressed in the fe...

As in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, neurons in prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) die via programmed cell death of which the apoptotic process is relatively well characterized. A subcellular alteration linked to apoptosis is the formation of autophagic vacuoles, which we and others demonstrated in CJD- and scrapie-affected rodent b...

Super-Jupiters, brown dwarfs, and stars can form from the collapse of self-gravitating discs. Such discs are turbulent, with flocculent spiral arms accelerating gas to transonic speeds horizontally vertically. Objects that fragment gravito-turbulent should spin a wide range directions, reflecting random orientations their parent eddies. We show by direct numerical simulation obliquities newly c...