We review a series of studies exemplifying some applications of single-pulse and paired-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the study of spatial attention and of its deficits. We will focus primarily on sensory extinction, the failure to consciously perceive a contralesional sensory stimulus only during bilateral stimulation of homologous surfaces. TMS studies in healthy controls show th...

Cerebellar long-term synaptic plasticity has been proposed to provide a cellular mechanism for motor learning. Numerous studies have demonstrated the induction and mechanisms of synaptic plasticity at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (PF-PC), parallel fiber-molecular layer interneurons (PF-MLI) and mossy fiber-granule cell (MF-GC) synapses, but no study has investigated sensory stimulation-evoked s...

Mastication can be triggered by repetitive stimulation of the cortex or of sensory inputs, but is patterned by a brain stem central pattern generator (CPG). This CPG may include the dorsal part of the principal trigeminal sensory nucleus (NVsnpr), where neurons burst repetitively when the extracellular concentration of Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](e)) drops. We examined the effects of repetitive stimulatio...

How do users generate an illusion of presence in a rich and consistent virtual environment from an impoverished, incomplete, and often inconsistent set of sensory cues? We conducted an experiment to explore how multimodal perceptual cues are integrated into a coherent experience of virtual objects and spaces. SpeciŽcally, we explored whether intermodal integration contributes to generating the ...

Threshold sensory stimulation of the skin has become the object of increasingly intensive investigation since the classic report by Hardy, Wolff and Goodell' on the pain threshold of thermal radiation. The literature on the subject is rapidly becoming voluminous with interesting ramifications appearing in many fields of medicine. More recently Cormia3 reported on the itch threshold in experimen...

An animal's own behaviour can give rise to sensory stimulation that is very similar to stimulation of completely external origin. Much of this self-induced stimulation has little informative value to the animal and may even interfere with the processing of externally induced stimulation. We have measured responses of visual movement sensitive neurons in the anterior part of the dorsal superior ...

SALANSKY, N., A. FEDOTCHEV AND A. BONDAR. Responses of the nervous system to low frequency stimulation and EEG rhythms: clinical implications. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(3) 395–409, 1998.—The present paper reviews literature data on the role of the non-specific central nervous system response mechanisms on the therapeutic effects of relatively weak external stimulations used in clinical practice....

1. The heart and the oesophagus have similar sensory pathways, and sensations originating from the oesophagus are often difficult to differentiate from those of cardiac origin. We hypothesized that oesophageal sensory stimuli could alter neurocardiac function through autonomic reflexes elicited by these oesophageal stimuli. In the present study, we examined the neurocardiac response to oesophag...

Compared to the high degree of plasticity observed in a juvenile, mature sensory cortices have long been held to be immutable but, recently, researchers have suggested some plasticity persists in the mature cortex. Cortical reorganization has particular saliency to the development of a cortically based, sensory neuroprosthesis, which will chronically evoke activity through electrical stimulatio...

6 This article provides an overview of the physical components that 7 tend to be common to all neural prosthetic systems. It emphasizes 8 the biophysical factors that constrain the sophistication of those 9 interfaces. Specific applications to neural prosthetic systems for 10 sensory replacement and motor control are covered in PROSTHET11 ICS, SENSORY SYSTEMS and PROSTHETICS, MOTOR CONTROL, re1...