Understanding common sense reasoning about the physical world is one of the goals of qualitative reasoning research. This paper describes how we combine qualitative mechanics and analogy to solve everyday physical reasoning problems posed as sketches. The problems are drawn from the Bennett Mechanical Comprehension Test, which is used to evaluate technician candidates. We discuss sketch annotat...

Two studies examined age differences in autobiographical reasoning within narratives about personal experiences. In Study 1 (n=63), people completed brief interviews about turning points and crises in their lives. Older participants were more likely to narrate crises in ways that connected the experience to the speaker's sense of self, that is, to show autobiographical reasoning. This increase ...

Introduction: Clinical reasoning is a vital aspect of physiciancompetence. It has been the subject of academic research fordecades, and various models of clinical reasoning have beenproposed. The aim of the present study was to develop a theoreticalmodel of clinical reasoning.Methods: To conduct our study, we applied the process of theorysynthesis in accordan...

To operate autonomously in complex environments, agents must perform actions, sense the environment, and respond to new situations. Traditional approaches face difficulties with incomplete environment models, goal specification, and engineering domain specific control knowledge. We believe goal reasoning will address these challenges enabling agents to better respond to unexpected circumstances...

In this article we introduce a non-monotonic reasoning engine, i.e., the assumption-based truth maintenance system, and two reasoning paradigms for solving the diagnosis problem that are based on this engine. The objective of the article is to present solutions for problems occurring in classical expert systems based on first-order or propositional logic. In particular, we show how to handle in...

How can we make sense of observed instrumental actions that are on a first glance bizarre, i.e., different from what “I myself would have done”? In an attempt to answer this question, the paper sets forth a two-staged reasoning procedure for teleological action explanation: goal assignment, and backward planning. Closed-world assumptions about abnormalities frame reasoning to a manageable forma...

The aim of the following lecture is to give some rough overview over most essential structures underlying all working quantum theoretical models as well as axiomatic and algebraic quantum field theory. Before specializing to ordinary Hilbert space quantum theory it will be explained why common sense reasoning cannot be applied naively and the pragmatic procedure (quantum reasoning) of getting a...

KT encodes commonsense knowledge (CK) about entities and relations in a cross-classified Ontology and a database of generic (prototypical and inherent) information. The verb Ontology combines linguistic and psycholinguistic classification. The generic information for verbs encodes typical associations with actions and events. This knowledge base is useful for word-sense disambiguation, inferenc...

1 CRIL IUT de Lens Université d’Artois, Rue de l’université SP 16, 62307 Lens cedex, France. [email protected] Abstract. Abduction and induction are two basic and logical inference forms of reasoning. This paper addresses the intersting question of which form of reasoning needs the other in the context of learning task. It appears that if it is easy to show that abduction needs induction, it i...

This article aims to present a Free Dialogic Logic [FDL] as general framework for hypothesis generation in the practice of modelling science. Our proposal is based on idea that inferential function models fulfil during process (surrogate reasoning) should be carried out without ontological commitments. The starting point achieve our objective scientific consideration target symptom that, one ha...