Background and Purpose: Population-based patient materials have not been used earlier in assessing the effects of neurosurgical treatment on survival and functional outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Moreover, the proportion of all subarachnoid hemorrhage patients who might be candidates for neurosurgical treatment has not been estimated. Methods: We compared the survival and functional outcom...

This essay is a contemplation of the notion of eigenform as explicated by Heinz von Foerster in his paper [4]. In that paper Heinz performs the magic trick of convincing us that the familiar objects of our existence can be seen to be nothing more than tokens for the behaviors of the organism that create stable forms. This is not to deny an underlying reality that is the source of these objects,...

Accurate monitoring of vegetation dynamics is required to understand the inter-annual variability and long term trends in terrestrial carbon exchange in tundra and boreal ecoregions. In western North America, two Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) products based on spectral reflectance data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are available. The MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI produc...

Among fishes, courtship behaviour and nesting defense are strong predictors of reproductive success. We conducted three experiments to assess the impacts of exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) on the ability of male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to establish and defend a spawning territory. Fish were exposed to EE2 (2 or 8 ng L-1) for 27 days, while spawning conditions were gradually...

Thalweg profiles are longitudinal profiles of the streambed elevation measured along the deepest portion of the stream. This technique has recently been advocated as a tool to monitor fish habitat in streams because profiles can provide useful information on such habitat, and measurements are both repeatable and independent of stream flow. However, a relation between fish abundance and metrics ...

background: autonomic disturbance can leads to blood flow changes that can be studied by various methods.   objective: to assess the blood flow changes in patients with severe carpal tunnel syndrome  by laser doppler flowmetry   methods: ten patients with severe unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome confirmed by electrodiagnostic examination enrolled in this study. patients comprised one man and ni...

Computer games often operate with the term »world«. Some games, from Super Mario World (Nintendo 1990) to World of Warcraft (Blizzard Entertainment 2004), use the term »world« in their title, others like The Elder Scrolls: Oblivion (Bethesda Softworks 2006) include at least a world-map. As Aarseth (2008) has shown, these worlds are not comparable in size or content to our »real« world but to th...