The concept of number is fundamental to the formulation of any physical theory. We give a heuristic motivation for the reformulation of Quantum Mechanics in terms of non-standard real numbers called Quantum Real Numbers. The standard axioms of quantum mechanics are re-interpreted. Our aim is to show that, when formulated in the language of quantum real numbers, the laws of quantum mechanics app...

Price return and P/E are two important factors for a lot of investors based on the latest studies by researchers in Tehran Stock market; however, it is expected that the price and the variation of that affect the return and the P/E of any given market as a complicated system. The Bohmian quantum mechanics used referring to the time correlation of return and P/E of the stock market under conside...

I review the role of probability in contemporary physics and the origin of probabilistic time asymmetry, beginning with the pre-quantum case (both stochastic mechanics and classical statistical mechanics) but concentrating on quantum theory. I argue that quantum mechanics radically changes the pre-quantum situation and that the philosophical nature of objective probability in physics, and of pr...

Quantum mechanics, despite its lack of intuitiveness, has been very successful in describing and predicting physical systems. The field of quantum computation and information seeks to use quantum mechanics to do the same for information processing. In quantum mechanics, electron spin is described by a two state system, spin up and spin down. Similarly in quantum information there are two basis ...