We prove optimality principles for semicontinuous bounded viscosity solutions of HamiltonJacobi-Bellman equations. In particular we provide a representation formula for viscosity supersolutions as value functions of suitable obstacle control problems. This result is applied to extend the Lyapunov direct method for stability to controlled Ito stochastic differential equations. We define the appr...

The (PS)-weak lower semicontinuity property has been introduced in Vasiliu and Yan [10] for general continuously differentiable functionals on Sobolev spaces in connection with the Ekeland variational principle and the direct method of calculus of variations. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition of this property for the functionals in one-dimension of the simple type I(u)...

BACKGROUND No standard oral assessment tools are available for determining frequency of oral care in critical care patients, and the method of providing oral care is controversial. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a systematic program of oral care on oral assessment scores in critically ill intubated and nonintubated, patients. METHODS Clinical data were collected 3 times during critica...

*Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R. China Abstract The purpose of this paper is to establish the general theory of the direct methods to functionals I defined on the Grassmann algebra employing the classical approaches. In this paper, various notions of convexity conditions for weak lower semicontinuity of I are di...

we show that every semi-artinian module which is contained in a direct sum of finitely presented modules in $si[m]$, is weakly co-semisimple if and only if it is regular in $si[m]$. as a consequence, we observe that every semi-artinian ring is regular in the sense of von neumann if and only if its simple modules are $fp$-injective.

in the area of youth health, peers education is an approach to health promotion. assess the training needs of peers educators clarifies the components, values, and quality of training protocols. aim to that we conducted a participatory educational needs assessment of youth peer educators.involving youth and key informants in direct collaboration with research team, a qualitative approach was pl...

Oral care is a vital component of the holistic care given to patients and is necessary to promote the overall well-being of all individuals (Bowsher et al 1999). Yet there is evidence within the available literature that the delivery of oral care within institutional settings is fragmented (Paterson 2000, Roberts 2000a). In addition, documentation to indicate that oral assessment has been under...

What is the role of oral language in reading competence during the transition to school? Is oral language in preschool best conceptualized as vocabulary knowledge or as more comprehensive language including grammar, vocabulary, and semantics? These questions were examined longitudinally using 1,137 children from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child C...

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are a relatively recent addition to the oral anticoagulant armamentarium, and provide an alternative to the use of vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin. Regardless of the type of agent used, bleeding is the major complication of anticoagulant therapy. The decision to restart oral anticoagulation following a major hemorrhage in a previously anticoagulated pat...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) results in significant morbidity and mortality. The prevention and treatment of VTE is managed with anticoagulant therapy, historically parenteral anticoagulants such as unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and fondaparinux, and oral vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin. In the last few years, several target-specific oral anticoagulants have been ...