When engineering self-healing systems, inspiration can be sought from nature. Biological organisms present proven self-healing models that have been developed during millions of years of evolution. In this paper common self-healing properties found in nature are described. A programming paradigm inspired by properties of the biological cell is discussed, and a software architecture for distribu...

Self-healing systems must be able to adapt to errors and changing resource environments without human intervention. We propose an architectural style, called Containment Units, particularly intended for self-healing systems. Containment Units feature the use of operational, evaluator, and change agent modules to encapsulate different activities required in self-healing systems. We present this ...

We are fortunate that our bodies are able to heal themselves with little or no intervention after a minor injury such as a small cut. This self-healing ability has inspired scientists to invent a range of different methods for restoring function to damaged materials1. However, there are many challenges to be overcome before self-healing materials are available for practical applications such as...

Self-healing materials are inspired by biological systems in which damage triggers an autonomic healing response. This new paradigm in materials design has led several exciting interdisciplinary approaches involving chemistry, mechanics and materials processing to successfully incorporate self-healing functionality in polymers and composites. The first clear demonstration of self-healing in an ...

The fundamental requirement for the autonomous capsule-based self-healing process to work is that cracks need to reach the capsules and break them such that the healing agent can be released. Ignoring all other aspects, the amount of healing agents released into the crack is essential to obtain a good healing. Meanwhile, from the perspective of the capsule shapes, spherical or elongated capsule...

Self-healing resin systems have been discussed for over a decade and four different technologies had been proposed. However, little work on their application as composite matrices has been published although this was one of the stated aims of the earliest work in the field. This paper reports on the optimization of a solid-state self-healing resin system and its subsequent use as a matrix for h...

A self-healing fiber-reinforced structural polymer matrix composite material is demonstrated. In the composite, a microencapsulated healing agent and a solid chemical catalyst are dispersed within the polymer matrix phase. Healing is triggered by crack propagation through the microcapsules, which then release the healing agent into the crack plane. Subsequent exposure of the healing agent to th...

We present GS, a distributed, scalable, self-configuration and self-healing algorithm for multi-hop wireless networks. The algorithm enables network nodes in a 2D plane to configure themselves into a cellular hexagonal structure such that cells have tightly bounded geographic radius and low overlap between neighboring cells. The structure is self-healing under various perturbations, such as nod...

This research investigated the self-healing potential of early age cracks in cement-based materials incorporating the bacteria which can produce carbonic anhydrase. Cement-based materials specimens were pre-cracked at the age of 7, 14, 28, 60 days to study the repair ability influenced by cracking time, the width of cracks were between 0.1 and 1.0 mm to study the healing rate influenced by widt...