This chapter describes modeling and animating procedural textures, gases, and liquids. The main thrust of the chapter is on procedurally modeling and animating volume density functions for creating realistic images and animations of gases and fluids. A volume density function is a three-dimensional function (vfd(x; y; z)) that defines the density of a continuous three-dimensional space. By usin...

Medical gases are pharmaceutical gaseous molecules which offer solutions to medical needs and include traditional gases, such as oxygen and nitrous oxide, as well as gases with recently discovered roles as biological messenger molecules, such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrogen sulphide. Medical gas therapy is a relatively unexplored field of medicine; however, a recent increasing in ...

By 2050, the earth’s population is expected to be more than 9 billion. The need for secure food and water supply will force agriculture to increase production. The major greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the livestock sector are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) throughout the production process. These gases are the key contributor to an in...

SUMMARY We studied the chronic effect of chemical gases on pituitary-gonad axis of victims of Iran and Irag war. The patients that their poisoning were higher than three years, selected. After clinical evaluation, and role out of systemic disease 168 victims were tested for testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone. Comparison of results control group (n=200) and wi...

The role of low-pressure RF plasma in the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter sakazakii using N2-O2 and SF6 gases was assessed. 1×109 colony-forming units (CFUs) of each bacterial isolate were placed on three polymer foils. The effects of pressure, power, distance from the source, and exposure time to plasma gases were optimized. The...

It is made up of multiple components which include;  Fresh gas outlet This connects the breathing system to the anaesthetic machine  Breathing tubes These allow gas to travel to and from the patient  Reservoir bag This allows for visualisation of respiration, accumulation of oxygen and anaesthetic gases and provide a method of ventilation.  Adjustable pressure limiting (APL) valve Allows fo...