Maize (Zea mays) is an excellent cereal model for research on seed development because of its relatively large size for both embryo and endosperm. Despite the importance of seed in agriculture, the genome-wide transcriptome pattern throughout seed development has not been well characterized. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we developed a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas of B73 maize see...

Maize (Zea mays) is an excellent cereal model for research on seed development because of its relatively large size for both embryo and endosperm. Despite the importance of seed in agriculture, the genome-wide transcriptome pattern throughout seed development has not been well characterized. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we developed a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas of B73 maize see...

Separate sexes can evolve under nuclear inheritance when unisexuals have more than twice the reproductive fitness of hermaphrodites through one sex function (e.g., when females have more than twice the seed fertility of hermaphrodites). Because separate sexes are thought to evolve most commonly via a gynodioecious intermediate (i.e., populations in which females and hermaphrodites cooccur), the...

Social dilemmas are conflicts between individual rationality and general welfare. The literature explains how to evaluate effectiveness of cooperation based on trust mechanism in small-scale social dilemmas, but how to evaluate effectiveness of cooperation mechanisms in large-scale situations remain unknown until this paper. We designed a construct to test cooperation mechanisms used to promote...

Understanding how resource abundance limits adaptive evolution and influences species interactions is an important step towards developing insight into the role of microevolutionary processes in establishing macroevolutionary patterns. We examined how variation in resource abundance (forest area of lodgepole pine Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) influenced patterns of co-adaptation and coevolutio...

The overall economic performance is summarised in the growth. It occurs when resources are combined technically an effective way. While advanced countries have no reliance on natural resources, they experience steady growth compared to resource-abundant countries. Caspian Sea basin (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan) Central Asia states (Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Uzbekis...

WHIGHAY, D.,? R, SIMP SON,^ and M. L E C K . ~ (1 Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, Smithsonian Inst., P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, RfD 21037 and 2 Biol. Dept., Rider Coll., Lamreneerille, SJ 08648). The distribution of seeds, seedlings, and established plants of arrow arum (Pel tandra vzrgznzca (L.) Kunth) in a freshwater tidal wetland. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 106: 193-199. 1979.-Arro...