runoff and sediment measurement is difficult in mountain watershed because of many different problems such as time and financial limitations. so using simulation model is necessary in this regard. accuracy and precision evaluation of models for different watershed of iran is necessary. the aim of this study was the evaluation of swat model efficiency in simulation of runoff and sediment yield i...

Field observations of flow and sediment transport in a tributary channel through intertidal mudflats indicate that suspended sediment was closely linked to advection and dispersion of a tidal salinity front. During calm weather when tidal forcing was dominant, high concentrations of suspended sediment advected up the mudflat channel in the narrow region between salty water from San Francisco Ba...

The effective discharge constitutes a key concept in river science and engineering. Notwithstanding many years of studies, a full understanding of the effective discharge determinants is still challenged by the variety of values identified for different river catchments. The present paper relates the observed diversity of effective discharge to the underlying heterogeneity of flow regimes. An a...

(CSC) " , " Het Lamminga Fonds " , and the Sino-Dutch collaboration project " Effects of human activities on the eco-morphological evolution of rivers and estuaries " (08-PSA-E-01) funded by the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) within the framework of the Programme of Scientific Alliances between China and the Netherlands. Summary ...

Understanding bed load transport fluctuations in rivers is crucial for development of a transport theory and for choosing a sampling interval for “mean” transport rates. Field-scale studies lack sufficient resolution to statistically characterize these fluctuations, while laboratory experiments are limited in scale and hence cannot be directly compared to field cases. Here we use a natural-scal...

Drilling discharges are complex mixtures of chemical components and particles which might lead to toxic and nontoxic stress in the environment. In order to be able to evaluate the potential environmental consequences of such discharges in the water column and in sediments, a numerical model was developed. The model includes water column stratification, ocean currents and turbulence, natural bur...

A classification of channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins synthesizes stream morphologies into seven distinct reach types: colluvial, bedrock, and five alluvial channel types (cascade, step pool, plane bed, pool rime, and dune ripple). Coupling reach-level channel processes with the spatial arrangement of reach morphologies, their links to hillslope processes, and external forcin...

Suspended solids or sediments can be pollutants in rivers, but they are also an important component of lotic food webs. Suspended sediment data for rivers were obtained from a United States-wide water quality database for 622 stations. Data for particulate nitrogen, suspended carbon, discharge, watershed area, land use, and population were also used. Stations were classified by United States En...