The majority of Pakistani women are employed in the informal sector economy, devoid protection, safety, and employment benefits, which prevents them from having autonomy. In this study, we aimed to identify (i) differences socio-demographic characteristics formal versus workers (ii) compare perceived practised autonomy between two groups. We used a convenience sample 150 women, half each sector...

Nearly half of U.S. employers test job applicants and workers for drugs. I use variation in the timing and nature of drug testing regulation to study discrimination against blacks related to perceived drug use. Black employment in the testing sector is suppressed in the absence of testing, consistent with ex ante discrimination on the basis of drug use perceptions. Adoption of pro-testing legis...

Data from the 1993 National Demographic Survey and the Safe Motherhood Survey have filled gaps in knowledge about the accessibility and use of reproductive health services in the Philippines. Analysis of the data by the East-West Center's Program on Population has revealed that the number of women using family planning (FP) and maternal health services has risen to 40% in 1993 from 17% in 1973...

On the morning of September 11, 2001, the United States and the Western world entered into a new era – one in which large scale terrorist acts are to be expected. The impacts of the new era will challenge supply chain managers to adjust relations with suppliers and customers, contend with transportation difficulties and amend inventory management strategies. This paper looks at the twin corpora...

This paper exploits public announcements of corruption allegations amongst Nigerian political figures to estimate the impact of political connections on firm value. Specifically, I draw results from market reactions to 27 events to determine whether politically connected firms suffer more from financial malpractice amongst government officials. This paper finds heterogeneous impacts of corrupti...

Industrial sector plays a vital role in any economy by providing large number of employment and contributing the growth development. The emergence women entrepreneurs has given rise to an evolving perspective field entrepreneurship. However, constitute almost half population country but their participation business activities is still very low. They face various gender specific challenges while...