STUDY PURPOSE Whether or not socioeconomic status (SES)-related differences in the health of hemodialysis patients differ by age, period, and birth cohort remains unclear. We examined whether SES-related gaps in physical and mental health change with age, period, and birth cohort for hemodialysis patients. METHODS Data were obtained from repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1996, 200...

The aerodynamic and acoustic phenomena involved in the production of fricative consonants are far from being completely understood. The overall Ievel and spectral characteristics of the radiated sound pressure are known to primarily depend on the aerodynamic state of the vocal tract, i.e. the pseudo-static pressure drop across the main oral constriction and the cross-sectional area of the const...

This study analyzes the evolution of competitive conditions in the Banking industries of fourteen Central and Eastern European (CEE) transition economies using firm-level data. The results of the competition analysis suggest that the banking markets of CEE countries cannot be characterized by the bipolar cases of either perfect competition or monopoly over 1993-2000 except for FYR of Macedonia ...

This paper investigates the transfer pricing risk awareness of multinational firms using cross-sectional data of more than 350 firms located in 24 countries and classified in 12 industries. Moving beyond the sole tax optimization motives of multinational firms, we extend the existing literature by using unique firm-level information such as that the transfer pricing risk awareness is assessed a...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the weekly prevalence of self-reported recently acquired infections in women at least 20 weeks pregnant. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women in a hospital antenatal clinic in Sydney, Australia between August 2008 and April 2009. Women were asked to report whether they had onset of a new infection in the 7 days be...

Absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour at room temperature (295K) have been measured in the mid-infrared range, 550–2200 cm−1 (18.2–4.55μm), using a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer at instrument resolutions of 0.25 and 0.03 cm−1 (unapodised). Between five and eight measurements were obtained for each spectral band of PAN in the pressure range 0.24–2.20 mb ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the perceptions about causes and prevention of childhood obesity held by the adult public in Calgary, Canada. DESIGN Using a cross-sectional survey design, adults were recruited from a shopping mall located in a region of Calgary, Alberta characterized by mixed ethnic and socio-economic residents. SUBJECTS 264 adults in Calgary, Canada. MEASUREMENTS Participants c...

Methods: In this cross-sectional practice-based study, the clinic records of 1109 school-aged children (mean age and standard deviation 14.39 ± 3.39 years) were analysed. The sample comprised 427 (38.5%) male and 682 (61.5%) female patients between the ages of 6 and 19 years. Refractive errors were classified into various types, and the association between these refractive types and symptoms in...

OBJECTIVE Test the hypothesis that diabetes and related risk factors are more common among female than male Zuni Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey of the Zuni Indians aged > or =5 years. We used households within neighborhood clusters as the sampling frame. We administered a questionnaire, collected blood and urine, and measured heigh...

We provide cross-country evidence to examine how financial market development affects innovation. Using a large data set including 34 developed as well as emerging countries, we differentiate the impacts of equity market and credit market development on a country’s innovation productivity measured by patenting. Our baseline results show that, while the development of equity markets encourages i...