A revolution in molecular technology is leading to the discovery of many biomarkers of disease. Monitoring these biomarkers in a population may lead to earlier disease detection, and may prevent death from diseases like cancer that are more curable if found early. For markers whose concentration is associated with disease progression the earliest detection is achieved by monitoring the marker w...

background and purpose: cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in the world. cervical cancer is no symptoms and can be treated if diagnosed in the first stage of the disease. the aim of this study was to survey the affecting factors of the pap smears test on perceptual factors, enabling and reinforcing (pen-3) model constructs in women. materials and methods: this study was a ...

Screening behavior depends on previous screening history and family members' behaviors, which can act as both confounders and intermediate variables on a causal pathway from screening to disease risk. Conventional analyses that adjust for these variables can lead to incorrect inferences about the causal effect of screening if high-risk individuals are more likely to be screened. Analyzing the d...

Abstract Introduction: The incidence and mortality of breast cancer will be reduced by screening. Objective: The study aimed to determine breast cancer screening behaviors based on the health beliefs model in women living in Mashhad City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 406 women referring to five health-medical centers in Mashhad from July...

OBJECTIVE To provide additional normative and validity data on the TBSI, especially to examine differences in clinical and nonclinical samples. METHODS The sample included 312 nonclinical and 50 clinical mothers of toddlers. Clinical participants consisted of mothers of toddlers who had been referred for outpatient psychological services. Mothers completed the TBSI, a 40-item behavioral scree...

Gas bubbles generated by electrolysis reactions are shown to exhibit anomalous induced ac dipoles and dielectrophoretic behavior that cannot be described by classical Maxwell–Wagner theory. Normal charging and screening of conducting ionized gas in the gas-phase double layer are shown to render the bubble insulating at low ac field frequencies to affect negative dielectrophoresis. This screenin...

Resonant scatterers such as hydrogen adatoms can strongly enhance the low-energy density of states in graphene. Here, we study the impact of these impurities on electronic screening. We find a two-faced behavior: Kubo formula calculations reveal an increased dielectric function ε upon creation of midgap states but no metallic divergence of the static ε at small momentum transfer q→0. This bad m...

OBJECTIVE To study interventions that provide people with information about cancer risk and about screening that is tailored to their personal characteristics. We assess the tailoring characteristics, theory base and effects on risk perception, knowledge and screening behavior of these interventions. METHODS A systematic literature review in this field was performed. PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO...