from september 18th - 20th, 2015, the 1st international razavi multiple sclerosis congress was held in mashhad, iran. the meeting was designated as a platform especially for young scientists to get internationally connected, discuss recent scientific findings and develop further ideas for strategic collaborations between germany and iran. physicians and scientists from research groups working i...

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dream should be considered as a kind of cognitive ability that is formed parallel to other cognitive capabilities like language. on the other hand, multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex disease that can involve different aspects of our cognition. therefore, ms may influence patients' dreams. in fact, we do not know what the importance of dream is in ms, but further studies may introduce dream an...

abstract introduction: psychodrama, as a form of art therapy, helps people to enact and use role-plays for a specific problem, rather than just talking about it, in an effort to review the problem, gain feedback from group members, find appropriate solutions, and practice them for their life. the current paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama therapy on the reduction of depr...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of central nervous system (cns). the aim of the present study was to determine the type and the frequency of initial presenting symptoms in patients with ms and their relation with demographic characteristics in babol, northern iran. methods: all patients of this study were recruited over a ten year period from 200...

Mutations in the gene superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are causative for familial forms of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. When the first SOD1 mutations were identified they were postulated to give rise to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through a loss of function mechanism, but experimental data soon showed that the disease arises from a—still unknown—toxic gain of func...

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor A stimulates angiogenesis, but is also pro-inflammatory and plays an important role in the development of neurological disease. This study aimed to investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor A mRNA expression could be used as a marker for the prediction of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and relate vascular endothelial growth factor...

BACKGROUND Studies on the prevalence of multiple sclerosis have been carried out worldwide, showing a heterogeneous distribution between countries and even between the different regions of the same country. METHODS We estimated the regional and national prevalence of multiple sclerosis in France on 1 January 2003, based on the computerised database of the national farmer health insurance syst...