Cogan’s Syndrome (CS) is a disease affecting young adults and consists of episodes of acute interstitial keratitis with vestibuloauditory dysfunction. This syndrome was originally described in 1945 by Cogan as a disorder of the eyes and ears, characterized by nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis with deafness. Sporadic reports showing the development of vasculitis in patients with eye and ear d...

Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP) is an uncommon disorder that causes a localized or diffuse thickening of the dura mater and has been reported to be infrequently associated with systemic autoimmune disorders such as Wegener's granulomatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, Sjögren syndrome, and temporal arteritis. Here, we report a case of HCP initially presented ...

Episcleritis is the inflammation of the thin, loose, highly vascular connective tissue layer that lies between the conjunctiva and sclera. Incidence is less than 1/1000. It is more common in women and those between 40 and 50 years of age. Most cases are idiopathic. It is classified into simple and nodular. Most attacks resolve within 1-3 months. The nodular type tends to be more recurrent and p...

The purpose of this report is to describe a case of Cogan’s syndrome (CS) with atypical ophthalmic features, such as diffuse anterior scleritis and bilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis. The article also discusses the clinical aspects, treatment and prognosis of this rare disease. A 66-year-old woman presented with bilateral a symmetric diffuse anterior scleritis and peripheral ulcerative k...

Episcleritis and scleritis are both inflammatory disorders of the eye may have underlying systemic disorder precipitating them. Therefore a thorough clinical examination laboratory investigations needed to rule them out. Systemic conditions that been associated include rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, vasculitis, lupus erythematosis, sarcoidosis, spondyloarthropathies, tuberculos...

Purpose: We report a patient with refractory scleritis effectively treated rituximab after ineffective, initial, conventional immunosuppressive therapy.Case summary: A 58-year-old woman no specific medical history presented recurrent of the right eye. Her uncorrected visual acuities in both eyes were 20/20, and blood test for cytoplasmic antineutrophil antibody (C-ANCA) was positive. Systemic s...