OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection into the salivary gland and to evaluate the changes of drooling in varied postures in tetraplegic patients with brain injury. METHODS Eight tetraplegic patients with brain injury were enrolled. BTA was injected into each parotid and submandibular gland of both sides under ultrasonographic guidance. Drooling was meas...

PURPOSE To report the clinical outcome of the treatment of dry eyes using 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops (olive oil + tacrolimus 0.03%) (Ophthalmos, Sao Paulo, Brazil). METHODS Sixteen eyes of 8 patients with Sjögren syndrome dry eyes (age, 51.13 ± 9.45 years) were enrolled in this study (prospective noncontrolled interventional case series). Patients were instructed to use topical 0.03% tacrolim...

Purpose. To compare the ocular surface symptoms and signs in an adult population of silicone-hydrogel (Si-Hy) contact lens (CL) wearers with another modality of CL wear, overnight orthokeratology (OK). Materials and Methods. This was a prospective and comparative study in which 31 myopic subjects were fitted with the same Si-Hy CL and 23 underwent OK treatment for 3 months. Dry eye questionnair...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection patterns with or without the medial lower eyelid (MLE) in treating benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and influencing lacrimal drainage. Two different injection patterns of BoNT-A were randomly applied to 98 eyes of 49 BEB patients: MLE Group received a full injection pattern of 5 sites and non-MLE ...

Objectives To investigate the visual and ocular implications of continuous wearing a silicon hydrogel contact lens for up to 3 weeks , in a dry semi-arid climate environment. Methods Clinical examination of eye conditions (visual acuity, Schirmer test, corneal thickness and endothelial cells counts) for 9 healthy voluntary students was carried out between September and November of 2004 in Riyad...

Existing treatment for Sjögren's syndrome is unsatisfactory, and uncontrolled observations have suggested that bromhexine may be effective. Twenty-nine patients with Sjögren's syndrome were therefore assigned to two randomised double-blind crossover trials with bromhexine and placebo, each comprising two two-week periods. In the first trial bromhexine 24 mg/day was given by mouth; in the second...

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) or dry eye disease (DED) is an immune-mediated multifactorial disease, with high level of prevalence in humans and dogs. Our aim in this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) implanted around the lacrimal glands in 12 dogs (24 eyes) with KCS, which is refractory to current available tre...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate Eye Gel in Dry Eye Disease (DED) patients Methods: A Multi-center, Open-label, Uncontrolled clinical trial was conducted in different centers of Pakistan. Ten ophthalmologists conducted this study in which 250 diagnosed patients with dry eye disease were enrolled after obtaining a written informed consent. Ten patients were dropped out...

PURPOSE To investigate the expression of MUC16 protein in tears and conjunctival cell membranes and MUC16 mRNA in conjunctival cells of Sjogren's syndrome (SS), keratoconjunctivitus sicca (KCS) and non-dry eyed (NDE) subjects. The relationship of tear flow and soluble MUC16 concentration was also measured. METHODS Seventy-six subjects were recruited for this study: 25 SS (confirmed via Americ...