Introduction: The presence of heterogeneities such as air-filled cavities in the head and neck treatment fields region, may result in potential dosimetric disagreement because the losses of charged particle equilibrium. Most of treatments planning systems are not able to predict dose distribution of inhomogeneities region accurately. Therefore, dose calculation algorithms need to...

Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms are recognized as the most accurate methodology for patient dose assessment. For intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) delivered with dynamic multileaf collimators (DMLCs), accurate dose calculation, even with MC, is challenging. Accurate IMRT MC dose calculations require inclusion of the moving MLC in the MC simulation. Due to its complex geometry, full trans...

OBJECTIVES To describe a cohort of survivors of childhood malignancy at risk of developing thyroid abnormality, and propose guidelines for management of such patients. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Late-effects oncology clinic at a large children's hospital in Sydney. SUBJECTS 142 patients who had received irradiation to the thyroid from the 1970s onwards, who attended the lat...

abstractbackground: as fluoroscopy or different angiographies are usually evaluated using tl dosimeter. thismethod is a time-consuming procedure therefore, radiologists are usually worried and unawareof their exact radiation dose received during each fluoroscopy or angiography. in this study, anew trend for quick estimation of effective dose based on measuring air-absorbed dose of thescattered ...

Scatter correction is crucial to the quality of reconstructed images in x-ray cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Most of existing scatter correction methods assume smooth scatter distributions. The high-frequency scatter noise remains in the projection images even after a perfect scatter correction. In this paper, using a clinical CBCT system and a measurement-based scatter correction, the a...

First and second order Rayleigh and Raman scatter is a common problem when fitting Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) to fluorescence excitationemission data (EEM). The scatter does not contain any relevant chemical information and does not conform to the low-rank trilinear model. The scatter complicates the analysis instead and contributes to model inadequacy. As such, scatter can be considere...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to determine the radiation dose received by infants from radiographic exposure and the contribution from scatter radiation due to radiographic exposure of other infants in the same room. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the entrance skin doses (ESDs) and effective doses of 23 infants with a gestational age as low as 28 weeks. ESDs were dete...

X-ray mammography is the gold standard technique in breast cancer screening programmes. One of main challenges that still facing scattered radiation, which degrades quality image and complicates diagnosis process. Anti-scatter grids, physical scattering reduction technique, have some unresolved as they increase dose delivered to patient, do not remove all radiation cost equipment. Alternative m...