the crime of worthless cheque has been changed-over chiefly since the first criminalization under public criminal law 1304. sometimes legislator in consequence of social and economic conditions has taken sever criminal attitude. however, he has often taken gentle criminal attitude. the last modifications of the cheque issuance crime, which was ratified in 1372, had been improved in 1382. some o...

A central debate in biology has been the allometric scaling of metabolic rate. Kleiber's observation that animals' basal metabolic rate scales to the 3/4-power of body mass (Kleiber's rule) has been the prevailing hypothesis in the last eight decades. Increasingly, more evidences are supporting the alternative 2/3-power scaling rule, especially for smaller animals. The 2/3-rule dates back to be...

Zipf’s law predicts a power-law relationship between word rank and frequency in language communication systems, and is widely reported in texts yet remains enigmatic as to its origins. Computer simulations have shown that language communication systems emerge at an abrupt phase transition in the fidelity of mappings between symbols and objects. Since the phase transition approximates the Heavis...

We carry out Monte Carlo simulations of physical Lennard-Jones and water clusters and show that the number of physical clusters in vapor is directly related to the virial equation of state. This relation holds at temperatures clearly below the critical temperatures, in other words, as long as the cluster-cluster interactions can be neglected--a typical assumption used in theories of nucleation....

This Letter reports experimental results on the coalescence of two liquid drops driven by surface tension. Using a high speed imaging system, we studied the early-time evolution of the liquid bridge that is formed upon the initial contact of two liquid drops in air. Experimental results confirmed the scaling law that was proposed by Eggers et al. based on a simple and yet elegant physical argum...

The study of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence gives useful insights on many astrophysical problems. We describe a pseudo-spectral MHD code suitable for the study of incompressible turbulence. We review our recent works on direct three-dimensional numerical simulations for MHD turbulence in a periodic box. In those works, we use a pseudo-spectral code to solve the incompressib...

Even though people in our contemporary technological society are depending on communication, our understanding of the underlying laws of human communicational behavior continues to be poorly understood. Here we investigate the communication patterns in 2 social Internet communities in search of statistical laws in human interaction activity. This research reveals that human communication networ...

Polymers exposed to shear flow exhibit a remarkably rich tumbling dynamics. While rigid rods rotate on Jeffery orbits, a flexible polymer stretches and coils up during tumbling. Theoretical results show that in both of these asymptotic regimes the corresponding tumbling frequency f(c) in a linear shear flow of strength γ scales as a power law Wi(2/3) in the Weissenberg number Wi = γτ, where τ i...

We consider a wireless device-to-device (D2D) caching network where n nodes are placed on a regular grid of area A (n). Each node caches LCF (coded) bits from a library of size LF bits, where L is the number of files and F is the size of each file. Each node requests a file from the library independently according to a popularity distribution. Under a commonly used “physical model” and Zipf pop...

[1] Bedrock erosion in mountain river channels ultimately sets the erosion rate of the surrounding hillslopes and the rate of sediment supply to the channels. The supply of coarse bed sediment acts as a dampening effect on further erosion by depositing an alluvial cover that temporarily obscures the bedrock. For landscapes where the residence time of the alluvial bed cover is comparable to the ...