The visceral form is the most deadly form of the leishmaniasis family, which affects poor and developing countries. The Indian state of Bihar has the highest prevalence and mortality rate due to visceral leishmaniasis in the world, where it is also referred to as Kala-Azar. Insecticide spraying is the current vector control procedure for controlling its spread in Bihar. This study proposes a no...

With the technical assistance of Sophie Shepel and Ray F. Long T DECADES AGO, Wachstein’ called attention to an increase in alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of human neutrophilic leukocytes during bacterial infections. Enzyme activity within individual cells as well as the number of cells with detectable enzyme were markedly increased, an observation confirmed by others.27 Infection-induced r...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic and neglected tropical disease transmitted by the bites of sandflies. The emergence cutaneous in areas war, conflict, political instability, climate change has prompted efforts to develop preventive vaccine. One vaccine candidate antigen PpSP15, 15 kDa salivary from sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi that facilitates infection Leishmania parasite been shown indu...

Phlebotomine sandflies are the vectors for the protozoan parasites that cause leishmaniasis. The present study investigated the species composition of sandfly fauna in the rural district of Taquaruçú, municipality of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil and compared the diversity of species among intradomicile, peridomicile and forest environments during the dry and rainy seasons. Sandflies were ...

Of the sandfly fever viruses known to be human pathogens (serotypes Toscana [TOS], Sicilian [SFS], and Naples [SFN]), only TOS has demonstrated neurotropic activity. Infections by TOS have been reported in Mediterranean countries, but the virus was previously isolated only in Italy and Portugal. We isolated 15 strains of TOS between 1988 and 1996 from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ac...