A detailed description is presented in this paper of small sand and water culture equipment. A number of large out-of-doors sand cultures both for tree and annual crops have also been constructed at the U. S. Regional Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California. In their general features these latter cultures are like those described in an earlier publication (3). The more significant modificati...

Wind-blown sand is a typical example of twophase particle-laden flows. Owing to lack of simultaneous measured data of the wind and wind-blown sand, interactions between them have not yet been fully understood. In this study, natural sand of 100–125 lm taken from Taklimakan Desert was tested at the freestream wind speed of 8.3 m/s in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. The captured flow i...

spm (Sand Pile Model) is a simple discrete dynamical system used in physics to represent granular objects. It is deeply related to integer partitions, and many other combinatorics problems, such as tilings or rewriting systems. The evolution of the system started with n stacked grains generates a lattice, denoted by SPM(n). We study here the structure of this lattice. We rst explain how it can ...

Beaches worldwide provide recreational opportunities to hundreds of millions of people and serve as important components of coastal economies. Beach water is often monitored for microbiological quality to detect the presence of indicators of human sewage contamination so as to prevent public health outbreaks associated with water contact. However, growing evidence suggests that beach sand can h...

Evolutionary transitions in larval nutritional mode have occurred on numerous occasions independently in many marine invertebrate phyla. Although the evolutionary transition from feeding to nonfeeding development has received considerable attention through both experimental and theoretical studies, mechanisms underlying the change in life history remain poorly understood. Facultative feeding la...

FROM THE middle of the eighteenth century, Bath was well supplied with weekly newspapers' and a prominent feature in their columns was the advertisement of patent or proprietary medicines. In the early issues, these advertisements were conspicuous because of the bold type in which the names of the medicines were printed, and because they often reproduced the pseudo-heraldic device with which th...

At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral a la Salud, León (SILAIS-León), Leon, Nicaragua; Hospital Escuela Oscar Danilo Rosales Argüello (HEODRA), León, Nicaragua, Leon, Nicaragua; Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill...

1 Department of Statistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA 4 Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA 5 Departme...

In this paper, we exhibit a strong relation between the sand automata configuration space and the cellular automata configuration space. This relation induces a compact topology for sand automata, and a new context in which sand automata are homeomorphic to cellular automata acting on a specific subshift. We show that the existing topological results for sand automata, including the Hedlund-lik...