Abstract Water treatment of river water is generally carried out conventionally, a rapid sand filter consisting coagulation unit, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. One the disadvantages filters that it requires large volume for washing, inconsistent quality, escape microorganisms less than 0.01 mm in size. Membrane technology can solve this problem with advantages including more comp...

• UF coagulant dose controller was successfully developed and field tested. • Self-adaptive in-line UF coagulant dosing reduced coagulant consumption. • Real-time tracking of fouling resistance and backwash effectiveness. • Robust UF operation during conditions of deteriorating source water quality. ⁎ Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (P.D. Christofides http://dx.doi.or...

The water treatment plant (WTP) employs a variety of electrical machines and utilities, making it an intensive energy consumption plant. In this study, audit was conducted on the Basbari WTP in Kathmandu, Nepal to identify hotspots that consume most recommend solutions for energy-efficient operation. A power quality analyzer used analyze patterns parameters data from electricity authority. stud...

Sand coverings account for a large part of the cost of a project. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of different coatings for filtration of underground drains and reduce the cost of cornfield farms. The experiments were carried out in farm in Salman Farsi. The subsoil drainage was fitted to each test piece with a length of 120 meters, a diameter of 100 mm, and a distance ...

The upper layer formed on the surface of theslow sand filter does not appear to play the most important part in bacteriological purification. The sand filters at Pulta, with a capacity of about 99 million gallons daily, offer an excellent opportunity to study such actions, as it sometimes becomes necessary to rake a running filter when it tends to choke, which rapidly diminishes the rate of fil...

Water is a necessary part of life, but without proper filtration, it could cause problems such as illness or death. While citizens of developed countries may take the water that flows from their taps for granted, many parts of the world do not have access to clean water. A small village in Thailand called Nong Bua is one such community that is hindered by the quality of their water supply. Nong...

Historically, Cholodny-Rossi buried glass slide techniques have been used to study the microbiota of subsurface environments, yet the bias of such a technique has not been compared against direct sand extraction using modern in situ probing. Over a period of 34 wk, four separate 4-m-deep sand columns receiving raw lake water were examined to compare direct extraction of sand filter biofilm mate...