This study aimed to investigate the correlations between early initiation (<12 years) of smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, and drug use (cannabis) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in school-aged adolescents in four Pacific Island countries in Oceania. The sample included 6540 adolescents (≤13 to ≥16 years old) from Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. Bivariate and multivari...

a r t i c l e i n f o In recent years, bullying has come into focus as a critically important social issue that demands empirical understanding to inform best practice regarding both intervention and prevention. In Western cultures, low physical aggression in boys, but high physical aggression in girls, predicts elevated victimization due to bullying, and we predicted that the same would be tru...

BACKGROUND Pathogenic uncultivable treponemes comprise human and animal pathogens including agents of syphilis, yaws, bejel, pinta, and venereal spirochetosis in rabbits and hares. A set of 10 treponemal genome sequences including those of 4 Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (TPA) strains (Nichols, DAL-1, Mexico A, SS14), 4 T. p. ssp. pertenue (TPE) strains (CDC-2, Gauthier, Samoa D, Fribourg-Bl...

Abstract A strong volcanic eruption caused a clear vertical acoustic resonance between the sea surface and thermosphere. Its effects are observed as geomagnetic GPS-TEC oscillations near volcano its conjugate area. The at Apia Honolulu observatories with amplitude of about 2 nT 0.2 nT, respectively. started around 04:14 UT on January 15, 2022. appeared 04:21UT Apia, Samoa, only 7 min after star...

The assessment of geodiversity is a relatively new field research connecting abiotic aspects nature to the wider environment. study still in development, so uniform and complete paradigm remains be defined. Therefore, an may highly dependent on territory subject study, available databases, researchers’ specialization. main quantitative method for was proposed scientific world only few years ago...

Swains I s l a n d i s an i s o l a t e d a t o l l l y i n g about 270 km n o r t h of Samoa. Although g e o g r a p h i c a l l y and f l o r i s t i c a l l y a p a r t of t h e Tokelau I s l a n d s 160 km t o t h e n o r t h w e s t , i t be longs p o l i t i c a l l y t o t h e T e r r i t o r y o f American Samoa. The i s l a n d l i e s a t a l a t i t u d e of 11°03 ' S and a l o n g i...