The feasibility of using saliva samples as diagnostic for health status is assessed. Although blood is regularly used for this purpose, an alternative non-invasive route which yields equivalent clinical information is desirable. The non-invasive saliva testing is validated by comparing its result to that of blood examination. In this investigation, we used glutathione as a paradigmatic example ...

We tested whether interacting with a gun increased testosterone levels and later aggressive behavior. Thirty male college students provided a saliva sample (for testosterone assay), interacted with either a gun or a children's toy for 15 min, and then provided another saliva sample. Next, subjects added as much hot sauce as they wanted to a cup of water they believed another subject would have ...

Measurement of progesterone in saliva offers several advantages when compared to assays of serum progesterone, especially when ovarian activity is being assessed. Most published methods for the determination of progesterone in saliva are based on assays developed in research centers, which employ "in-house" reagents that are critically dependent on supplies of highly selected antisera. In this ...

Amylase levels were determined for 148 semen samples and 20 saliva samples as well as for their corresponding stains. The effect of aging on the detectability of amylase activity in these stains was also investigated. The Phadebas amylase test was used for the quantitative assay of amylase. High levels of amylase in fluid saliva resulted in high levels being detected in saliva stains. Lower lev...

Higher exposure to light at night, for example, owing to night shift work or decrease in sleep duration, may suppress melatonin production, which in turn may increase the reproductive hormone levels. High levels of steroid hormones, especially estrogens, may be associated with an increase of the breast cancer risk. This study investigated whether variation in the sleep duration during one entir...

The purpose of this study was to determine if salivary chromogranin a secretion in dogs exhibits a circadian rhythm. Saliva sampling was performed during three different sessions occurring in three nonconsecutive 24-h periods. Sixteen healthy adult beagle dogs (8 males and 8 females) were moved to a sampling room and housed individually in cages. Saliva samples were obtained every 4 h from 12:0...

Transmission experiments are a critical component of vector competence studies. In this study, a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to enumerate the amount of West Nile virus (WNV) secreted in mosquito saliva following oral infection. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were allowed to feed on WNV-infected blood, and saliva was collected on days 14 and 21 pos...

C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant, has been identified as a saliva-based biomarker of inflammation. The objective of the study was to estimate and compare salivary CRP levels in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Subacute thyroiditis (SAT). The study included 30 HT patients who presented with clinical features of hypothyroidism, 15 SAT patients who presented with clinical features...

BACKGROUND Lung transplantation cases have immunosuppression maintained using a calcineurin inhibitor, anti-metabolites, and steroid. CASE REPORT We report 2 clinical cases in which anti-metabolites (mycophenolate mofetil) were successfully withdrawn after living donor lobar lung transplantation by monitoring immune function using the ImmuKnow® assay. In the first case, a 43-year-old woman un...

OBJECTIVES Although there is consensus that sex hormones modulate memory, we have an incomplete understanding of their role in remembering and forgetting. Humans continuously update memory, forgetting old, out-of-date information and encoding new, more relevant information. Updating processes can be studied with the list method of directed forgetting. METHODS In the list method of directed fo...