The present study uses a mathematical-empirical approach to estimate the cardinal growth temperature parameters (T(min), the temperature below which growth is no longer observed; T(opt), the temperature at which the μ(max) equals its optimal value; μ(opt), the optimal value of μ(max); and T(max), the temperature above which no growth occurs) of 27 yeast strains belonging to different Saccharomy...

A variety of methods is available to estimate a portfolio’s Value-at-Risk. Aside from the overall VaR there is an apparent need for information about marginal VaR, component VaR and incremental VaR. Expressions for these VaR metrics have been derived under the restrictive normality assumption. In this paper we investigate these VaR concepts in an elliptical world and in a general distribution-f...

Antigenic variation in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum depends on the transcriptional regulation of the var gene family. In each individual parasite, mRNA is expressed exclusively from 1 var gene out of ∼60, while the rest of the genes are transcriptionally silenced. Both modifications to chromatin structure and DNA regulatory elements associated with each var gene have been im...

By studying the type specimens and field works from locus classicus, it became clear that the two species of Silene eremicana and S. goniocaula which are considered as conspecific in the Flora Iranica are distinct species. Silene commelinifolia var. isophylla is considered as a synonym of S. eremicana. The numbers of herbarium specimens (voucher) are emended and the descriptions of each species...

Monoids of elementary transformations are associated to certain equational varieties in order to describe the corresponding free objects; in some regular cases, these monoids reduce to groups, and the word problem for the free objects of the variety is connected with the existence of normal forms for the members of the associated group. 1. The general framework Let "V be an equational variety [...

H ly , the s tructural and functional differences within the respiratory tract have served as the basis for separating the airway into upper and lower components. As such, asthma and allergic rhinitis have been diagnosed and managed by clinicians as distinct upper and lower airway diseases, respectively. Consistent with this idea of distinct diseases, researchers have developed drugs in years p...

while others either arrive dead in the water or take hold only to wither and die? Modern diffusion studies have focused primarily on the structural aspects of diffusion, or the existence of tangible points of contact between adopters and adoptees, as well as the environmental contexts that modulate such interactions. But as Strang and Soule (1998:276) note, “[S]tructural opportunities for meani...

Cyclopoid copepods and mosquito larvae were surveyed in southwestern Louisiana rice fields. Almost every rice field had a natural population of Mesocyclops ruttneri, Acanthocylops vernalis, or Macrocyclops albidus. Judging from the abundance of pupae, 29% of the fields were responsible for virtually all Anopheles quadrimaculatus production, apparently because larval mortality suppressed product...