A model for economic behavior, under heterogeneous spatial economic conditions is developed. The role of selection pressure in a Bak-Sneppen-like dynamics with entity diffusion on a lattice is studied by Monte-Carlo simulation taking into account business rule(s), like enterprise enterprise short range location ”interaction”(s), business plan(s) through spin-offs or merging and enterprise survi...

Heritable variation in traits can have wide-ranging impacts on species interactions, but the effects that ongoing evolution has on the temporal ecological dynamics of communities are not well understood. Here, we identify three conditions that, if experimentally satisfied, support the hypothesis that evolution by natural selection can drive ecological changes in communities. These conditions ar...

We consider the problem of minimizing regret with respect to a given set S of pairs of time selection functions and modifications rules. We give an online algorithm that has O( √ T log |S|) regret with respect to S when the algorithm is run for T time steps and there are N actions allowed. This improves the upper bound of O( √ TN log(|I||F|)) given by Blum and Mansour [BM07a] for the case when ...

Resource competition has long been viewed as a major cause of phenotypic divergence within and between species. Theory predicts that divergence arises because natural selection favors individuals that are phenotypically dissimilar from their competitors. Yet, there are few conclusive tests of this key prediction. Drawing on data from both natural populations and a controlled experiment, this pa...

The probability of fixation of a favorable mutation is reduced if selection at other loci causes inherited variation in fitness. A general method for calculating the fixation probability of an allele that can find itself in a variety of genetic backgrounds is applied to find the effect of substitutions, fluctuating polymorphisms, and deleterious mutations in a large population. With loose linka...

ISHER (1928) put forward a theory of dominance that is still the subject of Fcontroversy. If a deleterious mutation is continually occurring, it will appear mainly as a heterozygote. FISHER suggested that the fittest of these heterozygotes would be selected and ultimately become as fit as the wild type. The wild type would then be dominant to the deleterious mutation. The fitness of the heteroz...

The plant SABATH gene family is a group of O-methyltransferases (O-MTs), which belongs to the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferases (SAM-MTs). The resulting reaction products of SABATH genes play an important role in various processes of plant development. In this study, a total of 30 SABATH genes were detected in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is an important medicinal plant, widely...

In many species, symmetry enhances physical attractiveness of the face and body. In humans, facial attractiveness is also enhanced by symmetrical decoration in the form of facial paint [Cárdenas, R. A., & Harris, L. J. (2006)]. According to the good-genes hypothesis [e.g., Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1999)], symmetry is preferred because it is associated with mate quality. According to t...

In the context of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a comprehensive investigation into the risk factors for stroke, we apply Bayesian model averaging to the selection of variables in Cox proportional hazard models. We use an extension of the leaps and bounds algorithm for locating the models that are to be averaged over and make available S-PLUS software to implement the methods. Bayesian model ...

Clines may either be selectively maintained or be the by-product of nonadaptive processes related to population structure and history. Drosophila melanogaster populations on the east coast of North America show a latitudinal cline in the frequencies of two common electrophoretically distinguishable alleles at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus (Adh), designated Adh-S and Adh-F. This cline may eith...